高级英语第三课Ships-in-the-Desert

LessonThreeShipsintheDesertComparethefollowing:Desert:n.[‘dezət]wildness;wasteland;waterlessandtreeless,oftensandcovered;Desert:v.[di‘zə:t]abandon;giveup;goawayfromDeserts:n.[di‘zə:ts](usu.pl.)whatsb.deservesDessert:n.[di‘zə:t]courseoffruit,etc.attheendofameal;(U.S.A)anysweetdish(e.g.pie,pudding,ice-cream)servedattheendofameal;(Gr.Brit.)thesweetForexamplesTheSaharaDesertThestreetsweredeserted.Hedesertedhiswifeandchildrenandwentabroad.Theyarerewarded(punished)accordingtotheirdeserts.Somepeoplefailedtogettheirdeserts.Heisamanofdeserts.Dessertfork\knife\spoon\wine1.IntroductionabouttheauthorAlGorewasbornin1948inWashingtonD.C.,U.S.HehasbeenaSenator(1984-1992)representingtheStateofTennessee,andU.S.Vice-President(1992-2000)underPresidentBillClinton.HeranforthePresidencyagainstGeorgeW.Bushjr.butthelatterwonthecloselytiedelectionandhasbecomethe43rdAmericanPresident.ThetextistakenfromAlGore’sbookEarthintheBalanceAlGore'sprofoundanalysisofwherehumanityhasgonewrongrangesacrosshistory,politics,science,economics,psychology,philosophy,andreligion.Goredemonstratesthatthequalityofourairandwaterisurgentlyatrisk.Heclearlyillustrateshowproblemsthatoncewereregionalhavenowbecomeglobal.Gorearguesforaworldwidemobilizationtosaveusfromdisaster.WhydidthewritergototheAralSea?Whatdidheseethere?SomeProperNamesTheAralSea:咸海(seeNote2)GreatLakes:五大湖(seeNote3)Trans-AntarcticMountains:南极山脉(seeNote4)FourOceans:theAtlantic\Pacific\Indian\ArcticOceanSevenContinents:Asia;NorthAmerica;Africa;Europe;Australia;Antarctica;SouthAmericaAntarcticPeninsula:南极半岛，又名GrahamLand旧名为PalmerPeninsulaSomeProperNamesArcticCircle:北极圈Mid-nightsun:午夜太阳(seeNote8)Ozonedepletion:臭氧层空洞(seeNote16)Ozoneisanunstable,pale-bluegas,O3withapenetratingodor.Depletionmeansthegradualusingupordestructionofcapitalassertsesp.ofnaturalresources.Thepolarregion:南北极地区attheverybottomoftheearth;attheotherendofourplanet;AntarcticasoneendandArcticastheotherend.SomeProperNamesClearAirAct:净化空气法案(seeNote5)oneoftheoldestenvironmentallawsoftheUSaswellasthemostfar-reaching,thecostliest(themostvaluable),andthemostcontroversial,.Itwaspassedin1970.Theglacier:冰河、冰川n.aslowlymovingriverormassoficeandsnowthatformsinareaswheretherateofsnowfallconstantlyexceedstherateatwhichthesnowmelts.Thepolaricecap：极地冰帽Submarinesonartracks:水下声纳系统探测Noctilucentcloud:夜光云彩Translucent:adj.Partiallytransparent,asfrostedglassSomeProperNamesLatitude:纬度Inhighnorthernlatitudes在北纬高纬度地区（距离赤道很远的地区）Highlatitudes;lowlatitudes：低纬度地区（距离赤道很近的地区）Warm\coldlatitudes;south\northlatitudeEquator:赤道Equatorial:oforneartheequatorLongitude：经度Altitude:height,esp.abovesea-level.Cf.attitude:thepositionormannerofstandingofthebody;amanneroffeelingandbehavingChlorofluorocarbons:CFC氟里昂Chlorine氯Chlorocarbon氯碳化合物Fluorine:氟Chlorofluorocarbon:anyofaseriesofgaseousorlow-boiling,inert,nonflammablederivativesofmethaneorethane,usedasrefrigerantsandsolventsandaspropellantsinaerosolproducts(oflight)thatisbeyondthepurpleendoftherangeofcolors(spectrum)thatmakeuplightthatcanbeseenbyhumanbeingsultravioletrays:紫外线ultra-:beyonde.g.ultrared（红外线的）,ultrashort（超短波的）,ultrasonic（超音波的）,ultramodern（极其现代化的）ultraviolet:Axiom:n.astatement,esp.onethatisshort,thatisgenerallyacceptedastrueanddoesn’tneedtobeproved.Itisanaxiomthatifequalsareaddedtoequalstheresultwillbeequal.等量加等量和相等，这是一条公理。Cf.maxim:n.aruleforgoodandsensiblebehavior,esp.whenexpressedinashortwell-knownsaying格言，箴言,例如：Timeandtidewaitsfornoman.NOAA=nationaloceanicandaeronauticadministration国家海洋和大气局ChinahassetuptwoscientificresearchstationsatTrans-AntarcticMountains:ZhongshanStationintheEastandGreatWallintheWest.thesunglaringatmidnightthroughaholeintheskythesunshiningatmidnightthroughtheozonedepletionahole:ozonedepletion臭氧层空洞TochartthecourseofCO2emissionandtemperatureintheAntarcticAmazonrainforestTheBrazilianAmazoncontainsaboutathirdoftheEarth‘sremainingtropicalforestandaveryhighportionofitsbiologicaldiversity.Onehectare公顷(2.47acres)ofAmazonianmoistforestcontainsmoreplantspeciesthanallofEurope.Yetstillitisbeingdestroyedjustlikeotherrainforestsaroundtheworld.Whatdoesthewritercall“ghostsinthesky”?“noctilucentclouds”This“luminouscloud”occasionallyappearswhentheearthisfirsthiddenintheeveningdarkness;shiningunsteadilyaboveuswithapartiallytransparentwhiteness,thesecloudsdon’tseemnatural.termiteBiomass：thetotalmassoflivingmatterwithinagivenunitofenvironmentalareaSummaryofpara1-7Paraplaceproblemcauseseriousnesseffect1AralseadesertificationIll-consideredirrigationplanSize,speedSeabecomingdesert2SouthPoleAirpollution,ozonedepletionBurningskin3SouthPoleRisinglevelofCO2s,temperaturerisingIndustrialRevolutionSteeplinesonthechat,pickingupspeedGlobalwarming4NorthPolethinningofpolarcapGlobalwarmingDisastrousconsequences,tsunami,changingweathersystem,5NorthPolethinningofpolarcapGlobalwarmingScientistsreport,rate:2%in10yearsRisingtemperature6BrazildeforestationRaisingcowsAreasburnteachyearExtinctionofrarebirds7NearNorthPoleShiningcloudsIncreaseofmethanegasesAppearingmoreoftenLossofecologica