国际经营学-International-Business.

Copyright©2014PearsonEducationInternationalBusiness:TheNewRealities,GlobalEdition,3rdEditionbyCavusgil,Knight,andRiesenbergerPart1Chapter1.Copyright©2014PearsonEducation.LearningObjectives1.Whatisinternationalbusiness?2.Whatarethekeyconceptsininternationaltradeandinvestment?3.Howdoesinternationalbusinessdifferfromdomesticbusiness?4.Whoparticipatesininternationalbusiness?5.Whydofirmsinternationalize?6.Whystudyinternationalbusiness?Copyright©2014PearsonEducationFacebook:AGlobalPhenomenon1.Facebookexemplifiestheglobalizationofbusinessandconverginglifestylesworldwide.2.Oneofeveryeightpeople,roughlyonebillionusers,hasaFacebookaccount.3.Some70percentofFacebookusersliveoutsidetheUnitedStatesandspeakover75languages.4.Facebookusesforeigndirectinvestmenttoestablishofficesaroundtheworld.5.Facebookillustrateshowconverginglifestyles,moderncommunicationstechnologies,andentrepreneurshiparefacilitatingtheemergenceofglobalenterprises.Copyright©2014PearsonEducationADayintheGlobalEconomy–JulieValentineIntheOpeningVignette,whilevisitingashoppingmall,JulieValentine:•AtefoodfromArgentina,Brazil,CostaRica,France,Italy,andSpain;•Usedorshoppedforvariousitems,includingcars,clothing,andelectronicsfromChina,Finland,France,Indonesia,Germany,Hungary,Japan,Malaysia,Mexico,Netherlands,SouthAfrica,SouthKorea,Taiwan,andseveralothercountries.•Likeyou,Julie’slifeistouchedeveryday,invariousways,byinternationalbusiness.Copyright©2014PearsonEducationTheNatureofInternationalBusiness•Allvalue-addingactivities–includingsourcing,manufacturing,andmarketing–canbeperformedininternationallocations.•Internationaltradecaninvolveproducts,services,capital,technology,know-how,andlabor.•Firmsinternationalizethroughvariousentrystrategies,suchasexportingandforeigndirectinvestment.Copyright©2014PearsonEducationDimensionsofInternationalBusinessCopyright©2014PearsonEducationKeyConceptsinInternationalBusiness•Internationalbusiness:Performanceoftradeandinvestmentactivitiesbyfirmsacrossnationalborders.•Globalizationofmarkets:Ongoingeconomicintegrationandgrowinginterdependencyofcountriesworldwide.Copyright©2014PearsonEducationKeyConcepts(cont’d)•Internationaltrade:Exchangeofproductsandservicesacrossnationalborders;typicallythroughexportingandimporting.•Exporting:Saleofproductsorservicestocustomerslocatedabroadfromabaseinthehomecountryorathirdcountry.BoeingandAirbusexportbillionsincommercialaircrafteveryyear.•ImportingorGlobalSourcing:Procurementofproductsorservicesfromsupplierslocatedabroadforconsumptioninthehomecountryorathirdcountry.ToyotaimportsmanypartsfromChinawhenitmanufacturescarsinJapan.Copyright©2014PearsonEducationKeyConcepts(cont’d)Internationalinvestment:Transferofassetstoanothercountryortheacquisitionofassetsinthatcountry.Alsoknownas‘foreigndirectinvestment’(FDI),wewillfocusonthistypeofinvestment.Internationalportfolioinvestment:Passiveowner-shipofforeignsecuritiessuchasstocksandbondsinordertogeneratefinancialreturns.Copyright©2014PearsonEducationGlobalizationofMarkets•Unprecedentedgrowthofinternationaltrade.In1960,globaltradewas$100billionperyear.Today,worldexportsamounttosome$14trillionannually!•Tradebetweennations,accompaniedbysubstantialflowsofcapital,technology,andknowledge.•Developmentofsophisticatedglobalfinancialsystemsandmechanismsthatfacilitatethecross-borderflowofproducts,money,technology,andknowledge.•GreatercollaborationamongnationsthroughmultilateralregulatoryagenciessuchastheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO;)andtheInternationalMonetaryFund(IMF;).Copyright©2014PearsonEducationThe‘Flows’ofInternationalBusinessCopyright©2014PearsonEducationWorldTradeIsGrowingFasterthanGDPCopyright©2014PearsonEducationWorldTradeIsGrowingFasterthanGDPCopyright©2014PearsonEducationWorldTradeIsGrowingFasterthanGDPCopyright©2014PearsonEducationLeadingCountriesinInternationalMerchandiseTradebyTotalAnnualValueCopyright©2014PearsonEducationLeadingCountriesinInternationalMerchandiseTrade,TotalValueasa%ofGDPCopyright©2014PearsonEducationFDIInflowsintoWorldRegions(inBillionsofU.S.DollarsperYear)Copyright©2014PearsonEducationServiceIndustriesthatareRapidlyInternationalizingCopyright©2014PearsonEducationLeadingCountriesinInternationalServicesTradebyTotalAnnualValueCopyright©2014PearsonEducationLeadingCountriesinInternationalServicesTrade,TotalValueasa%ofGDPCopyright©2014PearsonEducationInternationalandDomesticBusiness:HowTheyDiffer1.Internationalbusiness….●isconductedacrossnationalborders,●usesdistinctivebusinessmethods,●isincontactwithcountriesthatdifferintermsofculture,language,politicalsystem,legalsystem,economicsituation,infrastructure,andotherfactors2.Stateddifferently,whentheyventureabroad,firmsencounterfourmajortypesofriskCopyright©2014PearsonEducationTheFourRisksofInternationalBusinessCopyright©2014PearsonEducationTheFourRisksofInternationalBusinessCopyright©2014PearsonEducationTheFourRisksofInternationalBusinessCopyright©2014PearsonEducationTheFourRisksofInternationalBusinessCopyright©2014PearsonEducationCross-CulturalRisk•CulturalDifferences.Riska