2017年研究生基础英语完型填空部分

（1）AsimplifiedformoftheEnglishlanguagebasedon850keywordswasdevelopedinthelate1920sbytheEnglishpsychologistCharlesKayOgdenand1publicizedbytheEnglisheducatorI.A.Richards.KnownasBasicEnglish,itwasusedmainlytoteachEnglishtonon-English-speakingpersonsand2promotedasaninternationallanguage.ThecomplexitiesofEnglishspellingandgrammar,however,weremajor3obstaclestotheadoptionofBasicEnglishasasecondlanguage.ThefundamentalprincipleofBasicEnglishwasthatanyidea,4howevercomplex,maybereducedtosimpleunitsofthoughtandexpressedclearlybyalimitednumberofeverydaywords.The850-wordprimaryvocabularywas5composedof600nouns(representing),andthingsorevents),150adjectives(forqualitiesand6properties100generaloperationalwords,mainlyverbsandprepositions.Almostallthewordswerein7commonuseinEnglish-speakingcountries.Morethan60percentofthemwereone-syllablewords.Thebasicvocabularywascreated8inpart/partiallybyeliminatingnumerous9extendingwordswhichhavethesameorsimilarmeaningsandbytheuseof18basicverbs,suchasmake,get,do,have,andbe.Theseverbsweregenerallycombinedwithprepositions,suchasup,among,under,in,andforward.Forexample,aBasicEnglishstudentwouldusetheexpression“goup”10insteadofascend”。(2)TotheAppleBoardofDirectorsandtheAppleCommunity:IhavealwayssaidifthereevercameadaywhenIcouldnolongermeetmydutiesandexpectationsasApple’sCEO,Iwouldbethefirsttoletyouknow.Unfortunately,thatdayhascome.IherebyresignasCEOofApple.Iwouldliketoserve,iftheBoardseesfit,asChairmanoftheBoard,directorandAppleemployee.Asfarasmysuccessorgoes,IstronglyrecommendthatweexecuteoursuccessionplanandnameTimCookasCEOofApple.IbelieveApple’sbrightestandmostinnovativedaysareaheadofit.AndIlookforwardtowatchingandcontributingtoitssuccessinanewrole.IhavemadesomeofthebestfriendsofmylifeatApple,andIthankyouallforthemanyyearsofbeingabletoworkalongsideyou.（4）Employmentratesfornewcollegegraduateshavefallenassharplyinthelasttwoyears,__as__havestartingsalariesmoreforthosewhocanfindwork.2What’s__more__,onlyhalfofthejobslandedbythesenewgraduatesevenrequireacollegedegree,revivingdebatesaboutafterallwhetherhighereducationis3“worthitaftelall.“Ihavefriendswiththesamedegreeasme,fromaworseschool,butbecauseofwhotheykneworwhentheyhappenedtograduate,_happenedto_4they’reinmuchbetterjobs,”saidKyleBishop,23,a2009graduateoftheUniversityofPittsburghwhohasspentthelasttwoyearswaitingtables,deliveringbeer,workingatabookstoreandenteringdata.“It’sluck5moreabout_luck_thananythingelse.”The_median_startingsalaryforstudentsgraduatingformfouryearcollegesin2009and2010was$27,000,downfrom$30,000fordeclinethosewhoenteredthe__workforce_7in2006to2008,accordingtoastudyreleasedbytheJohnJ.HeldrichCenterforWorkerforceDevelopmentatRutgersUniversity.raiseThatisa_decline_of10percent,8evenbeforetakinginflationintoaccount9account.Ofcourse,thesearetheluckyones―thegraduateswhofoundajob.Amongthemembersoftheclassof2010,just56percenthasheldatleastonejobbythisspring,conductedwhenthesurveywas_conducted_10.Thatcompareswith90percentofgraduatesfromtheclassesof2006and2007.（6）Although,aswehaveseen,peoplegenerallylongtoleavetheirplacesofworkandgethome,readytoputtheirhard-earnedfreetimetogooduse(n.),1alltoooftentheyhavenoideawhattodothere(home).2Ironically,jobsareactuallyeasiertoenjoythanfreetime,becauselike(pre.)flow(happy)activitiesthey(work)havebuilt-ingoals,feedback,rulesandchallenges,allof3whichencourageone(anybody/worker)tobecomeinvolved(join)inone'swork,toconcentrateandloseoneself(beabsorbed)init.Freetime,4ontheotherhand(onthecontrary),isunstructured(unorganized),andrequiresmuchgreaterefforttobeshapedintosomething(meaningful)thatcanbeenjoyed.Hobbiesthatdemandskill,habitsthatsetgoalsandlimits,personalinterests(tastes),andespeciallyinnerdiscipline(n./vt.),helptomakeleisure(freetime)whatitis5supposedtobechanceforre-creation.Butonthewhole(ingeneral),peoplemisstheopportunitytoenjoyleisureevenmore6thoroughly(completely)thantheydowithworkingtime.Itisintheimprovident(unwise/wasteful)useofourleisuretime,Isuspect(think),7thatthegreatestwastesofAmericanlifeoccur.[tourismandrecreationindustryMassleisure,massculture,arid(meaningless)evenhighculturewhenonly(theyare)attendedto(actively-)passivelyandfor8externalReasons―suchasthewishtodisplay(show)one'sstatus―areparasites(寄生虫)ofthemind.Theyabsorb(=exhaust)psychicenergywithoutprovidingsubstantive(considerable)strength9inreturn.Theyleave(=make)usmoreexhausted,moredisheartened(depressed)thanwewerebefore.10Unlessapersontakescharge(control)ofthem,bothworkandfreetimearelikely(possible)tobedisappointing.Mostjobsandmanyleisureactivities―especiallythoseinvolvingthepassiveconsumptionofmassmedia―arenotdesigned(intended)tomakeushappyandstrong,ortomakeuslearntoenjoyourwork.（8）PopularMusicismusicproducedforandsoldtoabroadaudience.Typesofpopularmusicincludejazz,musicfrommotionpicturesandmusicalcomedies,country-and-westernmusic,soulmusic,androckmusic.2Shapedbysocial,economic,andtechnologicalforces,popularmusiciscloselylinkedtothesocialidentityofitsperformersandaudiences.Earlymusicalstyleswerealsoveryinfluentialinshapingpopular