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主语从句和表语从句连词that(不可省略),whether;连接代词who,whom,whose,whoever,what,whatever和which;连接副词when,where,how和why。主语从句和表语从句注意:•1.要使用陈述语序•2.that不可省略•3.根据意思选择恰当的连接词。•4.主语从句做主语,表语从句做表语,位于系动词后。主语从句1)由what等代词引起的主语从句:Whattheteachersaidtodaywasquiteright.老师今天说的话是十分正确的。2)由连词that引起的主语从句:Thattheyarebadlyinneedofhelpisquiteclear.他们急需帮助,这是十分明显的。但是这类句子在大多数情况下会放到整个句子的后部去,而用代词it作形式主语。3)由连接代词或连接副词以及whether引起的主语从句。Whethertheywillsellthehouseisnotyetdecided.他们是否卖掉这所房子还没有决定。4)whatever,whoever也可引导主语从句。Whateverwassaidheremustbekeptsecret.这里说的话都应当保密。Whoevermakesmistakesmustcorrectthem.凡犯了错误的人都必须改正。注意:有时为了使句子结构平衡,避免“头重脚轻”,常用it作形式主语,而把从句放在后面。例如:Itisapitythatshehasmadesuchamistake.她犯了这样一个错误,真是遗憾。这样就构成了下面一些常用句型:1)Itis+adj./n.+从句Itisapity/shamethat...遗憾的是……Itispossiblethat...很可能……Itisunlikelythat...不可能……2)It+不及物动词+从句Itseems/appearsthat...似乎……Ithappenedthat...碰巧……3)It+be+过去分词+从句Itissaidthat...据说……Itisknowntoallthat...众所周知……Itisreportedthat...据报道……Itisbelievedthat...据信……;人们相信……Itissuggestedthat...有人建议……1._____youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.2._____hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.3.________the2000OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingisnotknownyet.4.________we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.5.________leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.ThatWhatWhetherWhetherWhoever填空。1.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,___ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.A.whereB.whatC.thatD.how解析:what引导主语从句,在从句中做do的宾语Exercise2.___the2000OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingisnotknownyet.A.WheneverB.IfC.WhetherD.That答案是C。“2000年奥林匹克运动会是否在北京举行还不知道。”whether可置于句首引导主语从句,而if不能。4.___leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelight.[高考真题]A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who答案是C。“谁最后离开房间应关灯。”whoever意为“无论谁”,引导主语从句,并在从句中作主语。若选A或B,anyone或theperson后应用who,使其成为由who引导的定语从句,修饰anyone或person.注:这些词还可引导副词性从句。表语从句表语Lyneisanexcellentstudent.林是一个出色的学生。表语主语连系动词Ⅰ.Definition(定义)表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的,表语常由名词、代词、数词、动词过去分词、动词的-ing形式、副词、介词短语、形容词、不定式和从句等来充当。Eg.(例子)①Thepersonstoodinfrontofyoujustnowismyheadmaster.刚才站在你前面的那个人是我的校长。②Ididn’tknowthatitwasyouatthattime.当时我不知道那是你。③Thedoorremainedclosed.门仍然关着。④Mary’sdailyjobiscleaningthehouse.玛丽的日常工作就是打扫这间房子。名词充当表语代词充当表语动词过去分词充当表语动词-ing形式充当表语⑤Thehouseisnotonlylargebutalsobeautiful.这所房子不仅大而且漂亮。⑥WhenIwenttoyourhouse,youwereout.当我到你家的时候,你不在家。⑦Noonewasinthedorm,whenshearrived.当她到达的时候,宿舍里没有人。⑧MyjobistoteachyouEnglish.我的工作是教你们英语。⑨Thereasonwhyhecamelatewasthathisclockdidn’twork.他迟到的原因是他的闹钟坏了。介词短语充当表语副词充当表语形容词充当表语不定式充当表语从句充当表语Ⅱ.Position(位置)表语常位于系动词(be等词)之后,与主语共同构成主--系--表结构(Subject-Predicativestructure)的句子。Ⅲ.LinkingVerbs(连系动词)除动词be以外,还有一些后面可接表语的特殊连系动词,如:look,smell,taste,sound,feel,fall,come,go(变成…),become,grow(渐渐地变化),turn(变成,一般用于颜色),appear,seem,get,keep,remain,stay等。Ⅳ.Notes1.上面提到的动词,不总是用作连系动词。2.代词充当表语时,通常用代词的宾格形式。3.选择时,区分该用动词过去分词、动词-ing形式还是动词的不定式充当表语:主语是动作的发出者,并且动作在持续进行时,用动词-ing形式;主语是承受者时,用动词过去分词;而当动作是主语要执行的多用不定式。Eg.Sheremainedthereforagoodhour,whichsurprisedeveryone.令所有人吃惊的是,她一直在那站了很长时间。A.tostandB.standC.stoodD.standingDⅤ.ThePredicativeClause(表语从句)由一个句子充当句子的表语,这个充当表语的句子就叫做表语从句。表语从句和主语指同一内容,它对主语进行解释,是主语的内容具体化。相当于一个名词。可以充当表语从句引导词的有:1.从属连词:that,whether(是否)引导从句。注:if不能引导表语从句。Eg.Thetroubleisthathehasneverdonetheworkbefore.麻烦在于他以前从未做过这样的工作。Thequestioniswhetherweshouldaskthemforhelp.问题在于我们是否应当向他们求助。2.连接代词:who,whom,whose,which,what等引导从句。Eg.Guilinisnotwhatitusedtobe.桂林已不再是从前的样子。Whatshewantstoknowiswhichdresssheshouldbuy.她想知道的是该买哪条裙子。3.连接副词:when,where,why,how引导从句时,它们本身有词义,既起连接从句的作用,又在从句中充当状语成分,修饰谓语动词。Eg.ThatiswhereLuXunusedtolive.那里是鲁迅曾经居住的地方。Thatiswhyhedidn’tpasstheexam.那是他没有通过考试的原因。4.用because,as,asif/asthough引导,如:Eg.Itlooksasifitweregoingtorain.看起来要下雨了。It‘sjustbecausehedoesn’tknowher.这是仅仅因为他不认识她。Thingsarenotalwaysastheyseemtobe.事物并不总是如其表象。Helooksasthoughhe‘stired.他好像累了。5.表语从句两大要素:除that外的所有引导词都有自己的意义。除that,whether外的所有引导词都必须在从句中充当相应的成分。Exercises1.—Whoisknockingatthedoor?—It’s__.A.IB.thisC.meD.my2.Heisanoldmanwholooks__.A.healthB.friendlyC.friendD.pleasantly3.Theygotso__atthegoodnewsthattheyburstintocheers.A.exciteB.excitingC.excitedlyD.excitedCBD4.Itisbelievedthatifabookis___,itwillsurely___thereaders.A.interested;interestB.interesting;beinterestedC.interested;beinterestingD.interesting;interest5.Goandgetyourcoat.It’s___youleftit.A.wherethereB.therewhereC.thereD.where6.Hewalkeduptothebed,infrontofwhich___twostrangecases.A.wasB.wereC.areD.hadbeen7.1.Thequestionis________wewillhaveoursportsmeetnextweek.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whetherDDBD
本文标题:主语从句和表语从句
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