动名词和动词不定式

Module3OntheradioUnit3Languageinuse动名词和动词不定式动名词和动词不定时的句法功能（句子成分）句法功能（句子成分）主语表语宾语定语状语名称动词不定式可可可可可动名词可可可可不可动词不定式和动名词作主语时的用法比较1.表一般抽象概念时可互换。Readinggoodbooksenrichesourmind.Toreadgoodbooksenrichesourmind.注：动词不定式和动名词作主语时位于动词一定是单数的。2.表具体的、特定情形下的或有待完成的动作，通常用动词不定式。Tofinishreadingsuchalongnovelwilltakemeseveraldays.读完这么长的小说要花费我好几天的时间。Tofinishreadingsuchalongnovel表具体的待完成的动作。Swimmingisgoodforhealth,buttoswiminsuchapollutedriverisharmfultohealth.游泳有益健康，但在这条污染如此严重的河里游泳是有害的。Toswiminsuchapollutedriver指特定情况下的动作。3.当it作形式主语时，真正的主语可以是doingortodo.Itisdifficulttomaketheairclean.makingtheairclean.Itisnicetomeetyou.meetingyouhere.注：当表语是important,necessary,easy时后面只能用不定式。且在itis+adj/n.+for/ofsbtodosth句型只能用不定式作真正的主语；而表语nouse,nogood,awasteoftime,worth时，常用动名词。Itisimportanttoprotectourenvironment.Itisnouseatallarguingwithhim.4.在thereisno后面只用动名词。Thereisnoknowingwhetherhewillcome.Thereisnotellingwherehehasgone.动名词和动词不定式作表语的用法比较1.通常可以互换Hishabitistakingawalkaftersupper.totakeawalkaftersupper.2.动词若指具体的、特定情况下或未来的动作，通常动词不定式。Yourworktodayistofinishthisarticle.3.主语的形式与表语的形式通常应一致。Toseeistobelieve.Seeingisbelieving.动词不定式和动名词作宾语时的用法比较1.有些动词只能用动词不定式作宾语affordofferagreeaskdecideexpecthopewishrefusepretendmanage2.有些动词只能用动名词作宾语avoidadviseappreciatesuggestadmitpermitkeepconsiderdelayenjoycompletefinishdelaypractisemindexcuseescaperiskmisscan’tstand/bearbeusedtolookforwardtoputoffgiveupputupwithkeepongetdownto(prep)devoteto(prep)havedifficulty/trouble/problems(in)doing3.在某些动词后learn,continue既可以跟动名词也可以跟动词不定式，意义上基本无差别。4.begin,start后面跟动词不定式和动名词都可以，通常可以互换，但在以下三种情况下只能用不定式形式。A.begin,start本身为进行时态B.注意为非生物的名词或it时C.后接表示心理状态的动词不定式，如knownseeunderstandfeelrealize在like,dislike,love,hate,prefer后，若表示习惯性行为、通常的动作多用动名词；若表示特定的、具体的或一次性的动作时，多用不定式。有些动词后既可用动名词又可用不定式作宾语，但含义有所不同如：forgetrememberstoptrymeangoonregretbeafraidPart1Putthewordsinthecorrectcolumn.agreecontinuedecideenjoyhatelearnkeeplikeloveneedrememberstartstoptrywantfollowedonlybytofollowedonlyby-ingfollowedbytoor-ingagreedecidelearnneedwantenjoykeepcontinuehatelikeloverememberstartstoptryPart2Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformofthewords.1.Tonyhates___________(see)histeamlose.2.Damingenjoys________(listen)tomusic.3.Theydecided________(visit)RadioBeijingwithSally.seeing/toseelisteningtovisit4.Theyhavetostop________(talk)whentheredlightison.5.Keep________(study)EnglishifyouwanttoworkonRadioBeijing.6.Youneed________(speak)Englishtoworkinradio.talkingstudyingtospeak7.Hestarted_______________(make)hisownradioprogramme.8.Heremembers________(get)hisfirstjobinradio.9.Helearnt________(speak)ontheradio.making/tomakegettingtospeakPart4.Choosethewordwhichdoesnotbelongineachgroup.1.articlereportnewspaperreporter2.sunnyrainglassweather3.scoreresultmatchstudio4.presentermanagernewsreaderreporter5.sportnewsjokesunnyPart5.Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformofthewordsandexpressionsinthebox.latestpreparerainresultscoresportssunnyweatherweatherreportwin1.Didyoulistentothe_____________?Whatwillthe_________beliketomorrow?2.It’sgoingtobe______.Itisn’tgoingto_____.3.Wecanhaveapicnic!I’ll________thefoodtoday.weatherreportweathersunnyrainprepare4.It’ssixo’clock.Let’slistentothe______newstofindouttheofthe_______footballmatch.5.Hey,ourteam______threegoals.They____thematch.That’sfantastic!6.Doyoulikeother______aswellasfootball?latestresultscoredwonsportsPart6.Askandanswerthequestions.1.Howdoyouprepareforatest?2.Whatdoyoulikedoinginsunnyweather?3.Howdoyoufeelwhenyouarewaitingforyourtestresults?4.Howmanydifferentwaysarethereoffindingoutthelatestnews?7ListenandsaywhatKate'sjobis.a)Anewspaperreporter.b)Aradiopresenter.c)Anewsreader.8.Listenagainandchoosethebestanswer.1HowdoesKatefindoutaboutthenews'?a)Whileshe'satthepark.b)Whileshe'srunningtothepark.c)Whileshe'sontherunningmachineatthegym.2WhodecideswhatwillbeonKate'sshow?a)Kate.b)Kate'steam.c)Kateandherteam.3HowlongisKate'sprogramme?a)Twoandahalfhours.b)Fourandahalfhours.c)Threeandahalfhours.4HowdoesKatetrytogivetheshowapersonalfeeling?a)Shetalkstothelistenersinperson.b)Sheimaginesthatsheistalkingtothelistenersinperson.c)Sheinterviewsthelisteners.5WhichofthefollowingareinKate'sprogramme?a)phone-insb)weatherreportsc)interviewsd)sporte)newsPart9.Completethepassagewiththephrasesinthebox.closesdownlookoutforlookoutoftakeyouaroundtheendofwouldliketoI'mgoingto______________theradiostation.Youmust_________theredlight.Whenit'son,youhavetobequiet.Iknowsomeofyou____________workinradio.I'llintroduceyoutothepresentersandyoucantalktothem.Thisscreenshowsuswhat'shappeningoutside.Wecan't__________thewindow,becausetherearen'tanywindows.Thefirstprogrammeofthedaystartsat5am,andthestation_________at12pm.OK,that's__________thetour.Hasanyonegotaquestion?takeyouaroundlookoutforwouldliketolookoutofclosesdowntheendofModuletaskMakingaschoolradioprogrammePart10Workingroups.Decidewhattoincludeinyourschoolradioshow.NewsSportsandsportsnewsMusicStoriesReviewsInterviewsPhone-insWeatherreports