雅思阅读真题2012

大家网出品更多精彩雅思资料，请访问大家网雅思版下载：雅思阅读实战16篇（附答案）（word下载版）★HowtoincreasesalesPublishedonline:Nov9th2006FromTheEconomistprinteditionHowshopscanexploitpeople'sherdmentalitytoincreasesales1.ATRIPtothesupermarketmaynotseemlikeanexerciseinpsychologicalwarfare—butitis.Shopkeepersknowthatfillingastorewiththearomaoffreshlybakedbreadmakespeoplefeelhungryandpersuadesthemtobuymorefoodthantheyhadintended.Stockingthemostexpensiveproductsateyelevelmakesthemsellfasterthancheaperbutlessvisiblecompetitors.Nowresearchersareinvestigatinghow―swarmintelligence‖(thatis,howants,beesoranysocialanimal,includinghumans,behaveinacrowd)canbeusedtoinfluencewhatpeoplebuy.2.AtarecentconferenceonthesimulationofadaptivebehaviourinRome,Zeeshan-ul-hassanUsmani,acomputerscientistfromtheFloridaInstituteofTechnology,describedanewwaytoincreaseimpulsebuyingusingthisphenomenon.Supermarketsalreadyencourageshopperstobuythingstheydidnotrealisetheywanted:forinstance,byplacingeverydayitemssuchasmilkandeggsatthebackofthestore,forcingshopperstowalkpastothertemptinggoodstoreachthem.MrUsmaniandRonaldoMenezes,alsooftheFloridaInstituteofTechnology,setouttoenhancethistendencytobuymorebyplayingontheherdinstinct.Theideaisthat,ifacertainproductisseentobepopular,shoppersarelikelytochooseittoo.Thechallengeistokeepcustomersinformedaboutwhatothersarebuying.3.Entersmart-carttechnology.InMrUsmani'ssupermarketeveryproducthasaradiofrequencyidentificationtag,asortofbarcodethatusesradiowavestotransmitinformation,andeverytrolleyhasascannerthatreadsthisinformationandrelaysittoacentralcomputer.Asacustomerwalkspastashelfofgoods,ascreenontheshelftellshimhowmanypeoplecurrentlyintheshophavechosenthatparticularproduct.Ifthenumberishigh,heismorelikelytoselectittoo.4.MrUsmani's―swarm-moves‖modelappealstosupermarketsbecauseitincreasessaleswithouttheneedtogivepeoplediscounts.Anditgivesshoppersthesatisfactionofknowingthattheyboughtthe―right‖product—thatis,theoneeveryoneelsebought.Themodelhasnotyetbeentestedwidelyintherealworld,mainlybecauseradiofrequencyidentificationtechnologyisnewandhasonlybeeninstalledexperimentallyinsomesupermarkets.ButMrUsmanisaysthatbothWal-MartinAmericaandTescoinBritainareinterestedinhiswork,andtestingwillgetunderwayinthespring.5.Anotherrecentstudyonthepowerofsocialinfluenceindicatesthatsalescould,indeed,beboostedinthisway.MatthewSalganikofColumbiaUniversityinNewYorkandhiscolleagueshavedescribedcreatinganartificialmusicmarketinwhichsome14,000peopledownloadedpreviouslyunknownsongs.Theresearchersfoundthatwhenpeoplecouldseethesongsrankedbyhowmanytimestheyhadbeendownloaded,theyfollowedthecrowd.Whenthesongswerenotorderedbyrank,butthenumberoftimestheyhadbeendownloadedwasdisplayed,theeffectofsocialinfluencewasstilltherebutwaslesspronounced.Peoplethusfollowtheherdwhenitiseasyforthemtodoso.大家网出品更多精彩雅思资料，请访问大家网雅思版下载：(644words)Questions1-6Completethesentencesbelowwithwordstakenfromthereadingpassage.UseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.1.Shopownersrealizethatthesmellof_______________canincreasesalesoffoodproducts.2.Inshops,productsshelvedatamorevisiblelevelsellbettereveniftheyaremore_______________.3.AccordingtoMr.Usmani,withtheuseof―swarmintelligence‖phenomenon,anewmethodcanbeappliedtoencourage_______________.4.Onthewaytoeverydayitemsatthebackofthestore,shoppersmightbetemptedtobuy_______________.5.Ifthenumberofbuyersshownonthe_______________ishigh,othercustomerstendtofollowthem.6.Usingthe―swarm-moves‖model,shopownersdonothavetogivecustomers_______________toincreasesales.Questions7-12Dothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninthereadingpassage?Forquestions7-12writeYESifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationNOifthestatementcontraictstheinformationNOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonthisinthepassage大家网出品更多精彩雅思资料，请访问大家网雅思版下载：:1.答案：(freshlybaked)bread.（第1段第2行：Shoppersknowthatfillingastorewiththearomaoffreshlybakedbreadmake