Unit2动名词作主语和宾语

1必修四Unit2动名词(V-ing)作主语和宾语动名词由动词的-ing形式构成，于现在分词同型。作为动名词，它具有动词的基本性质，可以有自己的状语和宾语，也具有名词的特征，在句中可作主语，表语，宾语。总结归纳：动名词作主语时，谓语动词用。动名词既可作动词宾语，又可作宾语。动名词的形式主动式被动式一般式：doingbeingdone完成式：havingdonehavingbeendoneTalkingiseasierthandoing.Heenjoysfishing.Don’tbeafraidofspeakingEnglish.V-Ing做主语的三种情况掌握只能加ing作宾语的动词;掌握加ing与不定式作宾语的含义有区别的动词;Ing的复合结构1．动名词作主语时，句子有三种形式：①动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。1)Playingtricksonothersissomethingweshouldneverdo．2)Learningnewwordsisveryimportantforme．3)Talkingiseasierthandoing.②用形式主语it，把真正的主语——动名词结构移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词，如useful，useless，good，fun；nouse，worth等。1)It’sworthmakingtheeffort．2)ItisuselesstryingtoarguewithShylock．3)Isitanygoodtryingtoexplain?4)Itispleasantworkingwithyou③在therebe结构中作主语，这种结构的意思相当于“Itisimpossibletodo…”如：1)Thereisnohidingofevilbutnottodoit．2)Hereisnojokingaboutsuchmatter.3)Therewasnoknowingwhenhewouldleave.动名词和todo不定式作的区别-ing表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作（抽象），不定式则通常表示具体的动作。Ilikereading，butnowIliketoseeafilm.注意：Thereisnoneedtodosth干、、、没必要，在此句式中todo不可换为doing..Thereisnoneedtotellher.注意：-ing的逻辑主语由形容词性物主代词和名词所有格构成。Mysister'sbeingillmadeweworried.Yourbeingrightdoesn'tnecessarilymeanmybeingwrong.在实际运用中，一般两者可以互换，差异不大，但下列情况不能互换．用-ing形式作主语的句型有：•It+be+awasteoftimedoing做……是浪费时间的•Itis/wasnogood/usedoing做……是没用处的•Itis/washardly/scarcelyworthdoing做……不值得•Itis/wasworth/worthwhiledoing做……是值得的•Thereisnodoing无法……，不允许……•Thereisnosenseindoing做……没有道理•Thereis/wasnousedoing干……无意义•Thereis/wasnothingworsethandoing没有比……更糟的•Thereis/wasnopointdoing干……无意义2Therewasnoknowingwherewewouldgo.Thereisnopointdoingsuchasillything.而在It’simportant…/It’snecessary…/It’sadvisable…/It’sessential…/It’sfitting…这类句型中，只能用不定式，It’simportanttolearnforeignlanguages.It’squitenecessarytoreaditmanytimes.动名词作宾语有两种情况:一是有些动词只能后接动名词作宾语；二是有些动词既可后接动名词也可后接不定式作宾语。①后接动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有：避免错过少延期(avoid，miss，postpone)建议完成多练习(advice,consider，suggest，finish，practice)喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy，imagine，cannothelp)承认否定与嫉妒(admit,deny,envy)逃避冒险莫原谅(escape，risk,excuse)忍受保持不介意(stand,keep，mind)Ican’tavoidgoing．Haveyouconsideredlookingforonespecialfriend?②既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词歌诀:双方一旦开始，不论喜欢与否，都得继续下去。不管记住与否，努力打算停止，后悔三个需要。begin,start,like,prefer,hate,dislike,continue.remember,forget,try,mean,stop,regret,want,need,requireA．在like，love，hate，prefer等动词之后，用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同，只是侧重点有些不同，动名词表示泛指的动作，不定式表示具体的一次性动作。B．在begin/start，continue之后，用动名词和不定式，意义无甚区别，尤其是当主语是人的时候。C．在动词forget，remember，regret之后，用动名词与不定式意义不同。动名词表示动作先于谓语发生，不定式表示后于谓语动作，如：Irememberpostingtheletter．I’llremembertoposttheletter．Ishallneverforgetseeingthefamouswriter．Don’tforgettowritetoyourmother．Iregretmissingthereport．IregrettosayIcan’ttakeyouradvice．D．在try，mean之后，意义各不相同，如trytodo(设法)，trydoing(试试)，meantodo(打算，有意要做)，meandoing(意思是，意味着)。如：Wemusttrytogeteverythingdoneintime.Let’strydoingtheworkinginsomeotherway．Ididn’tmeantomakeyouangry．Yourplanwouldmeanspendinghours．E.goondoing“继续做一直在做的事”；goontodo“接着做另一件事”。Pleasegoondoingthesameexercise．Pleasegoontodotheotherexercise．F．stopdoing与stoptodo:stopdoing“停止做”，stoptodo“停下正在干的事去干另一件事”。Westoppedtalking．Westoppedtotalk．③作介词宾语,动名词可与介词一起构成介词短语。下列短语中的to都是介词，所以后面跟名词或-ing形式：devoteto，objectto，payattentionto，getdownto，leadto,lookforwardto，stickto，beusedto等。跟踪练习31.It’snecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview.____theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.A.TohavehadB.HavinghadC.HaveD.Having2.Theparentssuggested____inthehotelroombuttheirkidswereanxioustocampoutduringthetrip.A.sleepB.tosleepC.sleepingD.havingslept3.HowIregret___somuchtimeinthenetbar!Ishouldhavestudiedharder.A.towasteB.wastingC.wastedD.beingwasted4.It’shardtoimagine______anywhereelsebuthere.A.liveB.toliveC.livingD.toliving5.Havingbeenillinbedfornearlyamonth,hehadahardtime______theexam.A.passB.topassC.passedD.passing6.Shelooksforwardeveryspringto_____theflower-linedgarden.A.visitB.payingavisitC.walkinD.walkingin7.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.—Oh,Iforgot____.A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff8.—Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?—Oh,excellent.It’sworth______asecondtime.A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread9.Thissentenceneeds______.A.animprovementB.improveC.improvingD.improved10Ourmonitorsuggestedadiscussionofthissubject.A．tohaveB．shouldhaveC．haveD．having11.Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.-Well，nowIregret___that.A．todoB．tobedoingC．tohavedoneD．havingdone12.TheletterthatIwaslookingforwardto___atlast.A.comingB.cameC.comeD.beingcome13.Whatdoyouthinkofthebook？-Oh，excellent．It'sworthasecondtime．A．toreadB．tobereadC．readingD．beingread14．isagoodformofexerciseforyoungandold．A．ThewalkB．WalkingC．TowalkD．Walk15．Idon’tregretevenifitmighthaveupsether．A．totellherwhatIthoughtB．tohavetoldherthatIthoughtC．tellingwhatIthoughtD．tellingherwhatIthought16．Thelibraryneeds,butitwillhavetowaituntilSunday．A．cleaningB．tocleanC．cleanD．beingcleaned17．IcanhardlyimaginePeteracrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays．A．sailB．tosailC．sailingD．tohavesailed18．—Imustapologizeforaheadoftime．—That’sallright．A．lettingyounotknowB．notlettingyouknowC．lettingyouknownotD．lettingnotyouknow19．—Whatdoyouthinkofthenovel﹖—Oh,it’sreally．A．wellworthreadingB．verygoodtoreadC．worthyreadingD．worthtobere