robert-frost简介以及desert-places-诗歌评析(英文)

RobertFrostBriefIntroductionMainworksWritingstyleAnalysisofDesertPlacesRobertFrostwasagreatpoetwhowasbornonMarch26,1874inSanFrancisco,California.ThoughborninAmerica,hecameofNewEnglandstock(血统),hisancestorsforninegenerationsbeingNewEnglandersandlivinginLowell,Massachusetts（洛厄尔马萨诸塞州）.WhenRobertwas11hisfatherdied,andthefamilymovedtoMassachusettsinNewEnglandwherehismothertaughttoearnaliving.Aftergraduatingfromhighschool,FrosthadstudiedatDartmouthCollege（达特茅斯学院）(in1893),butremainedlessthan1semester.ReturningtoMassachusetts,hetaughtschoolandworkedinamillandasanewspaperreporter.MarriageandChildrenIn1895hemarriedElinorWhite,whobecameamajorinspirationinhispoetry,andthenthenewlywedscontinuedtoteach,whichFrostalwaysenjoyed.Elliott(b.1896-1900)Carol(1902-1940)Lesley(b.1899),Irma(b.1903),Marjorie(b.1905-1934),ElinorBettina(1907-1907).In1900ElliotdiedofcholeraIn1907ElinorBettinadiedjustonedayafterbirthIn1934hisbeloveddaughterMarjoriediedafterthebirthofherfirstchildIn1938hiswifeElinordiedofaheartattack.In1940Carolcommittedsuicide.Afterhismarriage,FroststudiedatHarvardUniversityinCambridge,Massachusetts(1897~1899),butleftwithoutreceivingadegreeduetofamilyproblemsandpoorhealth.In1900,hisgrandfatherboughthimafarminNewHampshire(新罕布什尔州)fromwhichhewrestedaliving，supplementedbyteaching,for12years.Thiswasnodoubtanimportantperiodinhisdevelopment,forhewasdistinctlyandalmostexclusivelythepoetoftheNewEnglandcountrysideandcountrypeople.MovetoEngland1912.8.24In1912,attheageof38,Frostdecidedtotrytomakeanewstart.HesoldthefarmandusedtheproceedstotakehisfamilytoEngland,wherehebecameacquaintedwiththeF.S.Flint,EdwardThomas,andEzraPound,whocalledFrost’spoems“moderngeorgics(田园诗).Fortunatelyhehadhisfirsttwovolumesofverse,ABoy’sWill《孩子的意愿》(forwhichhegotareviewfromthefamousAmericanexpatriatepoetEzraPound),andNorthofBoston《波士顿以北》publishedinLondonwiththehelpofEzraPound.BacktoAmerica1915.2In1915FrostcamebacktotheUnitedStates.WhiledevotinghimselftopoetryhetaughtatAmherstCollege(阿默斯特)tosupporthimself.Hisfamewassteadilyontheincrease,hepublishedasuccessionofbooks:MountainInterval《山间》,NewHampshire《新罕布什尔》，West-RunningBrook《西去的溪流》,CollectedPoems《诗歌全集》etc.In1920,Frostbought‘StoneHouse’(nowamuseum)inSouthShaftsbury,Vermont.Frostlivedtherefrom1920to1929.TherehewrotemanyofthepoemscontainedinhisfourthcollectionofpoetryNewHampshire《新罕布什尔》(1923)whichwonhimthePulitzerPrizeforPoetryin1923.Honors4PulitzerPrizes(普利策奖)readpoetryatapresidentialinauguration.receivedhonorarydegreesfrom44collegesunofficialPoetLaureate,oneofthemostcelebratedAmerican’smodernistpoetsWhenhewasasoldaseighty-seven,twoyearsbeforehisdeath,hewaschosentoreadoneofhispoems,“TheGiftOutright”(1942)attheinaugurationofthelatePresidentJohnF.Kennedy.RobertFrostdiedonthe29thofJanuary1963inBoston,Massachusetts.HeliesburiedinthefamilyplotintheOldBenningtonCemeterybehindtheOldFirstCongregationalChurchnearShaftsbury,Vermont.Hisgravestonereads‘IHadALover’sQuarrelWithTheWorld’.JustninemonthsafterFrost’sdeath,KennedygaveaspeechatAmherstCollege,singingFrosts’praisesandspeakingontheimportanceoftheArtsinAmerica.Laterhesaid,“ThedeathofRobertFrostleavesavacancyintheAmericanspirit....Hisdeathimpoverishesusall;buthehasbequeathedhisNationabodyofimperishableversefromwhichAmericanswillforevergainjoyandunderstanding.”CompletePoemsABoy’sWillNorthofBostonMountainIntervalNewHampshireWest-RunningBrookCollectedPoemsAFurtherRangeAwitnessTreeSteepleBushAMasqueofReasonAMasqueofMercy《少年的心愿》1913《波士顿以北》1914《山间低地》1916《新罕布仕尔》1923《西去的溪流》1928《诗集》1930《山外青山》1935《见证树》1942《绒毛绣线菊》1947《理性假面具》1945《仁慈假面具》1947LiteraryStyleProfoundmeaningsarehiddenunderneaththeplainlanguageandsimpleform.(1)Hispoemsmostlywroteaboutnature(influencefromWordsworthandEmerson)andNewEnglandlandscape.(2)Heusedsimplelanguage,agracefulstyle,andtraditionalformsofpoetry.(reasonforpopular)(3)Symbolism(Heusedsymbolsfromeverydaylifetoexpressprofoundideas.)(4)Frostwroteruralpoetryinthepastoraltraditionasawaytounderstandmodernlife.(Inhispoems,traditionalelementsandmodernelementsmingletogether.)(5)ManypeopletendtothinkofFrostasanoptimistic“countryphilosopher”andhispoemsassimple,ordinarynaturepoems.(6)Frost'spoemsshowdeepappreciationofnaturalworldandsensibilityaboutthehumanaspirations.ThemeYouthandtheLossofInnocenceYouthappearsprominentlyinFrost’spoetry,particularlyinconnectionwithinnocenceanditsloss.ABoy’sWilldealswiththisthemeexplicitly.tracingthedevelopmentofasolitaryyouthasheexploresandquestionstheworldaroundhim.ThethemeoflostinnocencebecomesparticularlypoignantforFrostafterthehorrorsofWorldWarIandWorldWarII,inwhichhewitnessedthephysicalandpsychicwoundingofentiregenerationsofyoungpeople.Self-KnowledgeThroughNatureNaturefiguresprominentlyinFrost’spoetry,andhispoemsusuallyincludeamomentofinteractionorencounterbetweenahumanspeakerandanaturalsubjectorphenomenon.Theseencountersculminateinprofoundrealizationsorrevelations.Communityvs.IsolationFrostmarveledatthecontrastbetweenthehumancapacitytoconnectwithoneanotherandtoexperiencefeelingsofprofoundi