专升本英阅读3-4

专升本英语阅读——阅读题型阅读题型•一、主旨归纳题二、态度题三、是非题四、细节题五、语义分析题六、推理题一、主旨归纳题解析•主旨归纳题（又称主旨大意题）是要求考生对于文章全文的中心思想或其中某个段落的大意的理解和归纳。主旨归纳题可分为全篇主题和段落主题。这要求考生通过自己的经验和常识用简短的语言把文章的大意总结出来。这种题目形式最能考查考生通过是不是真的看懂了所阅读的文章。（一）题目提问形式：（常见的）•Thepassageismainly(concerned)about____./Thepassagemainlydiscusses_____•Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe_____•Theauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassageis____•Itcanbeconcludedformthepassagethat____•Whatisthesubjectofthispassage?•Themaintheme/topicofthepassageis____•Whichofthefollowingbestreflectthemainideaofthepassage?•Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsumsupthewholepassage?•Thepassageismeantto____•Thepassageisprobablyintendedtotellusthat___-提问方式很多，关键词如下：main,mainly,title,purpose,conclude,subject,topic,theme,sumup等。（二）主旨题解题对策•注意文章的开头部分、每段的主题句和结尾总部分•做题顺序：最后一道•主旨题的错误答案往往是两个极端，或是范围过大，或是范围过窄。（三）例题分析（Example1)•37、Thebesttitleforthispassageshouldbe____A)FrenchgreetingsB)FrenchmannersC）formalitiesofkissingD)DistingushingfeaturesofFrenchlife本篇文章第一段和第二段主要涉及法国人握手，第三段主要讲法国人打招呼，第四段主要讲法国人亲吻。综合全文来看，本文主题是法国礼仪，所以B为最佳选项。A,C范围过窄，而D范围太大。二、态度题解析•态度题是考查考生能否从一篇文章中把作者或文中某人的情绪、态度以及立场挖掘出来。这种题目难度较大，因为这意味着考生不仅要看懂全文，还要体会文章的深度含义。（一）题目提问形式•What’sthewriter’sattitudetoward….?•What’sthetoneofthepassage?•Theauthor’sview(opinion)is….?•Howdosetheauthorfeelabout…?•Theauthorsuggests(think,givetheimperssiom)that_____态度题提问关键词：•attitude,tone,•opinion,feeling,•view,feel,•suggest,impression必须熟悉一些表示态度的词汇：•Positive(积极的)，negative(消极的）objective(客观的)，subjective(主观的）neutral(中立的),approval（不赞成的），indifferent(漠不关心的)，critical(批评的）optimistic(悲观的)，exaggerted(言过其实的)（二）态度题解题对策•主要涉及文章作者的态度或者文章中出现的人物态度。•考生千万不要把自己的态度带到文章中，•同时要注意区分作者本人的态度与作者引用的观点态度。关于态度或基调这类问题的回答应从篇章的体裁着手，•一般来说，在说明文中作者的态度是客观的或中立的；•而在议论文中作者的观点才会显得多种多样。•解答这类问题时，首先应注意篇章中起连接手段作用的那些词语；其次应注意有些表明作者观点词汇，如形容词、动词等。••局部作者态度题考查考生对局部细节所体现出作者态度的理解，因此做这类题时，考生应该回答文章局部上，落到实处。（三）例题分析（2006年6月阅读理解passage2)•TheMondayeditionoftheUSATodaysaidsixtypeoplehavediedin84crashessince2000---morethandoublethenumberofcrashesduringthepreviousfiveyears.itsstudyfoundthatmorethan10percentoftheU.S.airambulancehelicopterscrashedduringthattimeandabouttwo-thirdsofthefatalcrashesoccurredinpoorvisibility.•Afterreviewinghundredsofpagesofdocumentsandinterviewingdozensofpilots,federalofficialsandexecutiveswiththecompaniesthatoperatetheflights,USATodayconcludedthatairambulancecompanieshavefailedtomakesafetyrequirementsthatmighthavesavedlives.Italsofoundthathelicopterswereusedexcessivelyforpatientswhoweren'tseverelyinjured.•Butthenewspaperalsonotedthattherearestudieswhichshowthathundredsoflivesaresavedeachyearbyspeedyflightstohospitals.Itpointedout,aswell,thatpilotsoperateinchallengingsituations,suchashavingtolandonhospitalroofsandbeingsentonlife-and-deathtaskstoruralaccidentsscenesdespitedarknessorbadweather.Idon'tknowanybodyinthisindustrywhoisn'tdevotedtosafetyanddevotedtowhatwedo.RonFergie,presidentoftheNationalEMSpilotsAssociation,toldUSAToday.42.TheattitudeofUSATodaytowardstheairambulancecompaniesis----------.•a.appreciative•b.objective•c.negative•d.critical•本文主要问及《今日美国》对空中救护公司的态度。•前两段讨论了存在的问题，最后一段讲到其功不可没，所以报道是客观的。三、是非题解析•要求考生对某一事实做出正误判断或询问稳重是否提到某一事实的题目。•这种题其实是事实细节题的一种。是非题提问方式：•Allofthefollowingstatementshaverelevanceto-----except-----•Allofthefollowingaretrueexcept----•Whichofthefollowingstatementsis(not)true/correct?•Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedintehtext?(二）是非题解题对策•先看选项，查读原文相应部分并细读。•注意：在做题时，切勿一遇到自己认为正确的选项便匆忙答题，不考虑其他选项，这样常常会导致错选。（三）是非题例题分析（2008年6月阅读理解passage2)•Example3:Althoughnotidentical,thetermscollegeanduniversityareoftenusedinterchangeablyintheUnitedStates.thereisnolegalorofficialcontrolovertheinstitution'schoiceofoneortheotheraspartofitsname.overtheyears,manyinstitutionschangetheirnamesastheyaddnewprogramsandlevelsofstudy.Usually,acollegeoffersafour-yearprogramofstudyleadingtowardthebacherlor'sdegree.Collegesmaybeindependent,offeringonlyundergraduateprograms,ortheymaybeapartofauniversitythatoffersbothundergraduateandgraduatedegrees.Universitiesemphasizeresearchandoftenincludeprofessionalschools,undergraduatecollegeofartsandsciences,andgraduateschools.In1989and1990,nearly138,000foreignstudentsattendedfour-yearprogramsleadingtothebachelor'sdegree.38.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthedifferencebetweencollegesanduniversities?•a.Thereisnorealdifferencesbetweenthemforthenamesareusedinterchangeably.•b.Graduateschoolsaremoreoftenfoundinuniversitiesratherthanincolleges.•c.Mostcollegesareapartofuniversitiesandofferonlyfour-yearprogramsofstudy.•d.Researchreceivesmoreattentioninuniversitieswhilecollegesoffermoreprograms.文章第一句指出，尽管不相同，“学院”和“大学”在美国经常交替使用。说明两者的区别确实存在，故a应该排除；Universitiesemphasizeresearchandoftenincludeprofessionalschools,undergraduatecollegeofartsandsciences,andgraduateschools.大学强调研究，通常有职业学院、文理类的本科学院和研究生院，因此b为最佳选项。c中大多数学院这一表述原文没有涉及d项collegesoffermoreprograms在文中未提及。