牛人整理的英文论文写作常用词汇和短语

1英文论文写作常用词汇和短语这几年看文献和写论文的时候整理了一些写作常用词汇和短语，希望大家也能用得上：差别gapsbetween,differentiatebetween,discrepancies，nointergroupdifferenceNostatisticallysignificantdifferencesinsurvivalwerefoundforMMCorMPMA.AlthoughMMCandMPMAdecreasedwithincreasingnucleargradeandTNMstage,thisdifferencefailedtoachievestatisticalsignificance.存在，出现occurred,occurrence,existed,existence,presence,present多数，少数theoverwhelmingmajorityof,inthemajorityofcases，amarkedmajority,handful方法approaches,avenues,methods,techniques,means,tools发生率Incidence,frequency,prevalenceIncontrastwithregionsofhighincidence,themutationspectrumdidnotshowahighprevalenceofmutationsatA:Tbasepairs.发现，阐明，报道，证实verify,confirm,elucidate,identify,define,characterize,clarify,establish,ascertain,explain,observe,illuminate,illustrate，demonstrate,show,indicate,exhibit,presented,reveal,display,manifest，suggest,propose,estimate,prove,imply,disclose，report,describe，facilitatetheidentificationof，screening，isolation改变change,alteration,高，增加high,enhanced,elevated,increased,forced各种，多种inmultipletypesofneoplasia,invarioustypesofapoptosis,inavarietyoftumors关系，相关，参与closelyinvolvedin,associated,广泛的inanextensivesurvey进行conducte，perform,carryout,降，少，缺decrease,reduction,reduced,diminish,loss,suppression,deficient,low,weak,faint,light,absence,absent,undetectable,lack,defective,negative,poor,impaired,greatlyreducedorcompletelyabsent,frequentlylostordown-expressed,presenteddiscontinuousandweakerexpression,completelynegative,wasnotdetectableordramaticallyreduced,veryfaint,wasundetectableorbarelydetectable,noexpressionwasfound,角色，起作用role,part（limited,potential,early,possiblerole），serveantiapoptotic2functions可能性feasibility密切地intimately难理解的，似谜的enigmatic(xremainsenigmatic)潜在假定的potential,candidate,putative,缩写abbreviations识别，辨别discernment事件Metastasistotheliverisacommoneventinclinicaloncology.aputativetumorinitiatingeventa(more,extremely,highly,rather,fairly)commoninitial,acommoneventinthesignaltransductionmechanismsof,inthesignaltransductionprocessesacommoneventassociatedwiththemechanismsofacommonearlyeventinresponsesof,afterhigh-dosechemotherapyacommoneventfollowinggestationalexposuretoimmunotoxicantsacommonevent（thatoccurs）duringapoptosisis……acommoneventduringoncogenictransformation,inneoplastictransformationthatdirectlyorindirectlyinvolvesactivationofspecifictyrosinekinasesignalingpathwaysacommoneventthroughwhichacommoneventinvivoarathercommoneventofunknownbiologicalsignificanceacommoneventresultingfromheterogeneousaberrationsacommoneventregardlessofhistologicalsubtyping,butdoesnotbearanypejorativesignificanceacommoneventcontributingtoarare,common,prerequisite,central,major,transient,initiation,stressful,critical,crucial,secondary,independent,regulatory,early,earlier,late,later,subsequent,circumstantial,untoward,upstream,irreversible,veryfrequentevent提供，帮助provide,supply,help(to),contributeto,offer,allow,dedicate,devote,assistin调节（失调，上调，下调）dis-regulation,dys-regulation,up-regulation,up-expression,over-expression,down-expression,down-regulation,推测presume,speculate,confer,conjecture,guess,deduce，deduction(推论)3无所不在地(表达，如MEN1)ubiquitously显著,优先的prominent,pronounced,obvious,marked,predominant,strong,striking,notable,Conspicuously,remarkably，significant,preferential,prevalence,prevalent,相关性related,morerelevantwith，therelevanceofnointergroupdifference，irrespectiveofTherewasnosignificantcorrelationtogender,age,clinicalsymptoms,histology,TorNstatus,TNMstage,ortumorlocation.NeithereNOSnornNOSexpressionwasassociatedwithvasculardensity,tumorgradeortheTNMstatusofthetumors.NocorrelationswerefoundbetweenbFGFandage,menopausalstatus,TNMorpTNM,histology,SBRgradingorsteroidreceptors.wedidnotfindanycorrelationbetweenbaxexpressionandanyclinicopathologicparameters(sex,age,TNMstatus,tumorgrade,histologicaltype).相同，同等并列ThecoordinatedinductionofallthreeFOXO3atargetspromptedustoexaminethestatusofFOXO3aitselfwithasimilarpatternto协同，加强synergizewith研究analysis,survey,study,research,investigation,experiments,trial,observations,assessment,inquiry,examinations,pursueinvestigationinto,analyze,detect,determinate,befocusedon,measure,examine,test,assess,evaluate,explore,一致whichisinaccordwiththeresultswhichcorroboratedtheresultswhichsupportedtheresults优缺点meritsanddrawbacks，beneficialanddetrimental异常aberration,abnormality重要crucial,key,important,major,beofcriticalimportance相反Onthecontrary,Incontrary,butquiteonthecontrary4insharpcontrast,contrarytowhatwouldbeexpectedContrarytotheexpectationthatContrarytopreviousbeliefs,Contrarytothehypothesis,ContrarytocurrentpopulartruismsContrarytocurrentcognitivetheories,However,contrarytoexpectation,…….Contrarytopredictions,…incontrasttopreviousobservations…Contrarytoprediction,……Contrarytomostpreviousclaims,与一起incombinationwith,coupledwith由于、鉴于InlightofInviewthat