乘用车主减速器和差速器设计

宁夏理工学院毕业设计I摘要汽车问世百余年，特别是从汽车产品的大批量生产及汽车工业的打发展以来，汽车已经对世界经济打发展和人类进入现代生活产生了无法估量的巨大影响，为人类社会的进步作出了不可磨灭的巨大贡献。为了使大家对汽车这一影响人类社会的产品有更全面、更深入的了解，以便把握住“汽车设计”技术的发展方向，通过对汽车的总体设计，汽车零部件的载荷和计算工况与计算方法，以及汽车各系统、各组成及主要零部件的结构分析和设计计算的概述，是大家对汽车的设计理论与设计技术有更好的认识与突破。汽车主减速器及差速器是汽车传动中最重要的部件之一。它能够将万向传动装置传来的发动机转矩传给驱动车轮，以实现降速增扭。本次设计的是有关乘用车的主减速器和差速器，并要使其具有通过性。本次设计的内容包括有：方案选择，结构的优化与改进。齿轮与齿轮轴的设计与校核。并且在设计过程中，描述了主减速器的组成和差速器的差速原理和差速过程。方案确定主要依据原始设计参数，对比同类型的减速器及差速器，确定此轮的传动比，并对其中重要的齿轮进行齿面接触和齿轮弯曲疲劳强度的校核。而对轴的设计过程中着重齿轮的布置，并对其受最大载荷的危险截面进行强度校核。主减速器及差速器对提高汽车行驶平稳性和其通过性有着独特的作用，是汽车设计的重点之一。关键词：驱动桥；主减速器；差速器；半轴宁夏理工学院毕业设计IIAbstractVehicledriveaxleattheendofthetransmissionsystem,thebasicskillstouseistoincreasethetransmissioncamedirectlyfromthedriveshaftortorque,thetorquedistributiontotheleftandrightwheels,andgetdifferentialrequirements.Inthedriveaxle,therealizationoftheusefulnessofthemainpartsofthisseriesarethemainreducer,differential,axle,butalsoothertransmissiondevicesandaxle.Themaindesignprincipleofthedriveaxlewascarefullyunderstandingandstatement,Santana2000,themainreducerdriveaxle,differential,axleandotherimportantcomponentssuchasadetaileddesign.Inthedesignprocess,accordingtotheprinciplesofautomotivedesignandprocedures,carriedoutadetailedcalculation.Inthedesignprocess,butalsoanalysisofthecomponentsneedtoadoptthemethod,thefeasibilityoftheprogramdiscussions,andpossiblefaultsofthinking,thelastontheimportantpartsandtheassemblyshowingthewaywithengineeringdrawings.Keywords：Driveaxle；Mainreducer；Differential；Axle宁夏理工学院毕业设计III目录摘要.......................................................................I目录....................................................................II第1章绪论...............................................................11.1选题的背景与意义.........................................................................................................................11.2研究的基本内容.............................................................................................................................11.2.1主减速器的作用................................................................................................................21.2.2主减速器的工作原理.......................................................................................................21.2.3国内主减速器的状况.......................................................................................................21.2.4国内与国外差距................................................................................................................21.3课题研究内容.................................................................................................................................31.3.1主减速器的结构分析......................................................................................................31.3.2差速器的结构分析............................................................................................................3第2章主减速器的设计.....................................................52.2主减速器的方案确定..........................................................................................................................52.3主减速器从动齿轮支承方案确定........................................................................................................52.3.1主动双曲面锥齿轮.....................................................................................................................52.3.2从动双曲面锥齿轮.....................................................................................................................42.4基本参数的选择与计算载荷的确........................................................................................................52.4.1齿轮计算载荷的确定...............................................................................................................52.4.2主减速器基本参数的选择........................................................................................................82.4.3主减速器准双面圆锥齿轮的集合计算..............................................................................102.4.4主减速器齿轮的热处理..........................................................................................................17第3章差速器的设计......................................................193.1差速器概述...................................................................................................................................193.2差速器的结构形式选择............................................................................................................203.3差速器齿轮的基本参数选择...................................................................................................20宁夏理工学院毕业设计IV3.3.1行星齿轮数目的选择........................................................................................................203.3.2行星齿轮球面半径BR的选择..........................................................................................223.3.3行星齿轮与半轴齿轮齿数的选择.................................................................................213.3.4差速器圆锥齿轮模数及半轴齿轮节圆直径的初步确定.......................................213.3.5压力角...................................................................................................................