单片机控制PWM的直流电机调速系统的设计

I单片机控制PWM的直流电机调速系统的设计摘要：在国民生产中，随着现代技术的发展，电力电子技术已得到了全面的发展，其技术已应用到各个领域。在各类机电系统中,由于直流电机具有良好的启动、制动和调速性能,直流电机调速系统已广泛运用于工业、航天领域的各个方面,最常用的直流调速技术是脉宽调制(PWM)直流调速技术,具有调速精度高、响应速度快、调速范围宽和损耗低的特点.而利用计算机数字控制也成了直流调速的一种手段,数字控制系统硬件电路的标准化程度高,控制软件能够进行复杂运算,可以实现不同于一般线性调节的最优化、自适应、非线性、智能化等控制规律,此外还拥有信息存储、数据通信和故障诊断等模拟系统无法实现的功能关键字：AT89C51单片机；PWM技术；编码器；直流电动机IITheDesignOfPWMControlledDCMotorSpeedControlSystemBasedOnSingleChipAbstract：Inthenationalproduction,alongwiththedevelopmentofmoderntechnology,electronictechnologyhasbeenacomprehensivedevelopment,thetechnologyhasbeenappliedinvariousfields.Inallkindsofmechanicalsystem,duetothedcmotorhasagoodstart,brakeandtheperformanceofspeed,dcmotorcontrolsystemhasbeenwidelyusedinindustry,spaceflight,mostcommonlyuseddcspeedcontroltechnologyisapulsewidthmodulation(PWM)dcspeedcontroltechnology,whichhasahighprecision,fastresponsetime,highspeedrangeandwidthofthelowlosscharacteristicsanduseofcomputerdigitalcontrolhasbecomeakindofmethodofdcspeedcontrolsystem,thehardwarecircuitofahighdegreeofstandardization,controlsoftwaretocarryoutcomplexoperationcanberealized,differentfromthegenerallinearoptimizationandadjustmentoftheadaptive,nonlinear,intelligentcontrollaw,alsohaveinformationstorage,datacommunicationandfaultdiagnosiscannotachievesuchsimulationsystemKeywords:AT89C51microcontroller;PWMtechnology;encoder;DCMotorIII目录1.引言..............................................................................................................................................12.系统方案论证............................................................................................................................22.1系统总方案论证与选择.............................................................................................22.2设计模块方案比较与分析..........................................................................................32.2.1电机调速控制模块..............................................................................................32.2.2PWM调速工作方式...........................................................................................43硬件部分....................................................................................................................................43.1单片机的选型...........................................................................................................43.2PWM控制技术.............................................................................................................83.3驱动电路........................................................................................................................93.3.1芯片IR2110性能及特点.......................................................................................93.3.2IR2110的引脚图以及功能.....................................................................................93.4PWM控制H桥双极性主电路..............................................................................113.5检测回路.......................................................................................................................133.5.1光电编码盘................................................................................................................143.6键盘及显示电路.........................................................................................................153.6.1键盘/显示芯片8279简介.....................................................................................153.6.3显示器设计................................................................................................................164模块的原理与应用.................................................................................................................174.1PWM调脉宽方式....................................................................................................174.2定时器/计数器.............................................................................................................174.3直流电机调速原理.....................................................................................................184.4PWM基本原理及实现方法.....................................................................................184.5PWM在直流调速中的应用.....................................................................................184.6桥式可逆PWM变换器.............................................................................................194.7M/T法测速原理......................................................................................................215软件部分...................................................................................................................................225.1主程序及系统初始化模块........................................................................................225.2模块程序设计..............................................................................................................235.2.1外部中断0模块设计.............................................................................................235.2.2外部中断1模块设计.............................................................................................235.2.3内部定时器T0溢出中断设计.................................................