青藏高原退化高寒草地生态系统恢复和可持续发展探讨-武高林

*武高林¹杜国祯º¹,º,,,730000*:(90202009),,,,:,,,,,,,1,,,,,,,/0,-CO2,,,,,,,,5000,12000,1300,4100,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,;,,,,,,,18.3966,,9.7076,52.76%[1],#159#自然杂志29卷3期,,,,[1-4],,,2,,[4-8],(),/0/0,,,,,,30%,.,;,,,2.12.1.1,,,2080,,,,,[28]2.1.2,,,6,1500,1500,[6],,,,,,,,200,2.22.2.1:,,,1982,,,,,,,,,,2.2.2,,,,,2.2.3,,,,,,,,,,#160#ChineseJournalofNatureVol.29No.3ReviewArticle2.2.4,,38[3],21.252.2.5,2.2.6,,,2.2.7,,,,3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Glasscock,,,[9],,,,:,,,,[10][11],,:;;;;;,,,;;,;,;;,;[12-14],,[4,8,15],[16],,,,,,#161#自然杂志29卷3期4[17],,,,,,,,,,,:;,;,,;;,,[8,11,15-17],,,,,,,,:4.1:[18],,[9],,,,4.2[19],,,,,[20],(,),[21][22]4.3[11],,45.9%~191.1%;60.5%~158.3%;32.7%~113.9%,,[23-27],,,[24-27][20],[28][29][30],,;,,,,,,[31-33],,,#162#ChineseJournalofNatureVol.29No.3ReviewArticle,4.4,,,,,,4.5,,,,,,,,,,,,(),,,,,,,,4.6,;,;;;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(2007年4月17日收到)1,.[J].,2000,(3):9-12.2.[J].,1995,(5):1-6.3.,)))[J].,2000,(2):1-6.4,.[J].,1998,(2):68-71.5,.[J].,2000,(5):59-63.6.[J].,2000,(4):23-26.7.[M].:,#163#自然杂志29卷3期1998.8,,.[J].,2005,113(6):3-7.9GLASSCOCKSN,GRANTWE,DRAWEDL.SimulationofvegetationdynamicsandmanagementstrategiesonSouthTexas,sem-iaridrangeland[J].JournalofEnvironmentalManagement,2005,75:379-397.10,.+[J].,2002,24(3):7-14.11,.[J].,2000,10(5):49-54.12ZHOUHK,ZHAOXQ,TANGYH,etal.Alpinegrass-landdegradationanditscontrolinthesourceregionoftheYangtzeandYellowRivers,China[J].GrasslandScience,2005,51:191-203.13,.[J].,2005,22(3):59-64.14,,.[J].,2002,24(3):53-58.15,.[J].,2004,25(3):41-48.16,.[J].,2004,24(9):1640-1645.17,.[J].,2000,(5):59-63.18RUIZJMC,AIDETM.Restorationsuccess:Howisitbeingmeasured[J].RestorationEcology,2005,13(3):569-577.19ROBERTSMR,GILLIAMFS.Patternsandmechanismsofplantdiversityinforestedecosystems:implicationsforforestmanagement[J].EcologicalApplications,1995,5(4):969-977.20,,.[J].(),2002,38(4):85-89.21CHAPINÓFS,WALKERBH,HOBBSRJ,etal.Bioticcontroloverthefunctioningofecosystem[J].Science,1997,277:500-504.22COLLINSSL,KNAPPAK,BRIGGSJM,etal.Modulationofdiversitybygrazingandmowinginnativetallgrassprairie[J].Science,1998,280:745-747.23FOSTERBL,GRASSKL.Speciesrichnessinasuccessionalgrassland:effectsofnitrogenenrichmentandplantlitter[J].Ecology,1998,79(8):2593-2602.24LUOYJ,ZHOUJJ,WANGHY,etal.Therelationofnu-trientsandplantspeciesdiversityinanalpinemeadow[J].JournalofLanzhouUniversity(NaturalScience),2004,40:84-61.25,,.[J].,2004,6:65-68.26,,,.AB[J].,2004,24(4),655-661.27,.[J].(),2004,40(3):56-59.28KLEINJA,HARTEJ,ZHAOXQ.Experimentalwarmingcauseslargeandrapidspeciesloss,dampenedbysimulatedgrazing,ontheTibetanPlateau[J].EcologyLetters,2004,7:1170-1179.29.[J].,1993,35(11):877-884.30,,.Ò:[J].,2001,25(5):634-638.31QUINNJF,ROBINSONGR.TheeffectsofexperimentalsubdivisiononfloweringplantdiversityinaCaliforniaannualgrassland[J].JournalofEcology,1987,75:837-856.32.[J].,2005,13(4):265-268.33,,,.[J].,2005,13(4):334-338.DiscussiononEcologicalConstructionandSustain-ableDevelopmentofDegradedAlpineGrasslandE-cosystemoftheQingha-iTibetanPlateauWUGao-lin¹DUGuo-zhenº¹Ph.D.,ºProfessor,KeyLaboratoryofAridandGrasslandE-cologyMinistryofEducation,LanzhouUniversity;SchoolofLifeSciencesofLanzhouUniversity,Lanzhou730000AbstractInrecentdecades,thegrasslandecologicalenvironmentsoftheQingha-iTibetanPlateauweredegradedcontinuously,whichhavebeenpaidhighattentionbyhumanbeings.Theactuality,thecausesandtheimprovementtechniquesofgrasslanddegradationinalpinemeadowoftheQingha-iTibetanPlateauChinaandtheeco-logicalrestorationmeasuresandaimswerediscussedinthispaper.Theauthorsputforwardsomemeasurementsandadvicesfortheprotectionandconstructionofthemeadowecosystemanditssus-tainabledevelopmentofalpinemeadowgrasslandecosystemoftheQingha-iTibetanPlateau:strengtheningbasicresearchesofalpinemeadowgrasslandecosystem,establishingsyntheticalgrasslandim-provementandrestorationtechniquessystems,strengtheningre-searchesofgrasslandecosystemmanagementandreasonablegrazingsystemsandestablishingeffectiveartificialgrasslandforguaranteeofforagegrass,establishingintensiveandeffectivecommunity-modegrasslandstockbreedingsystems,whichwillchangeandre-storegrasslandecologicalfunction.Thesemeasurementsarepre-requisiteforecologicalrestoration,biodiversityprotectionandpas-toraleconomysustainabledevelopmentoftheQingha-iTibetanPlat-eau.KeywordsQingha-iTibetanPlateau,alpinemeadow,degrada-tion,restoration,sustainabledevelopment(责任编辑:温文)#164#ChineseJournalofNatureVol.29No.3ReviewArticle