英语祈使句精讲及练习

祈使句精讲及练习一、祈使句（ImperativeSentence）定义：用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句，祈使句最常用于表达命令，因此在学校文法中也常称为命令句。祈使句因对象（即主语）是第二人称，所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时，句末则使用句号来表示结束。例：goandwashyourhands.（去洗你的手。;命令）Bequiet,please.（Pleasebequiet.）（请安静。;请求）Bekindtooursister.（对姊妹要和善。;劝告）Watchyoursteps.（走路小心。;警告）Lookout！Danger！（小心！危险！;强烈警告，已如感叹句）Keepoffthegrass.（勿践草坪。;禁止）Noparking.（禁止停车。;禁止）祈使句也常把主语You表达出来，使对方听起来觉得柔和些，例如：Yougoandtellhim,Chris.（克立斯你去告诉他。）二、相关口令祈使句无主语,主语you常省去;动词原形谓语当,句首加don't否定变;朗读应当用降调,句末常标感叹号。三、表现形式●肯定结构:1.Do型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。如:Pleasehaveaseathere.请这边坐。有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。如:Thisway,please.=Gothisway,please.请这边走。2.Be型(即:Be+表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)。如:Beagoodboy!要做一个好孩子!3.Let型(即:Let+宾语+动词原形+其它成分)。如:Letmehelpyou.让我来帮你。●否定结构:1.Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don't构成。如:Don'tforgetme!不要忘记我!Don'tbelateforschool!上学不要迟到!2.Let型的否定式有两种:“Don't+let+宾语+动词原形+其它成分;和Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其它成分。如:Don'tlethimgo./Lethimnotgo.别让他走。3.有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如:Nosmoking!禁止吸烟!Nofishing!禁止钓鱼!练习：将下列汉语翻译成英语。1.请照看好您的包。___________________.2.让我们去学校吧!___________________!3.亲爱的,高兴点儿!___________________!4.不要把书放这儿。___________________.5.不要让猫进来。___________________.1.Pleaselookafteryourbag2.Let'sgotoschool3.Beglad,dear4.Don'tputthebookhere5.Don'tletthecatcomein/Letthecatnotcomeinlet带头的祈使句由let;带头的祈使句(ImperativeSentences)是个常见的动词句型，它的主要用法有下列三种：1.表示“建议”这个句型里的let后头紧跟着一个第一人称的代词宾语，如：(1)Letmetry.(2)Let'sdoit.(3)Letmegoandlookforit.这个句型语气委婉，比直接的祈使句客气。试比较(4)a和(4)b:(4)a.Don'tdisturbhim.b.Let'snotdisturbhim.(a)是直接命令，语气强烈，不如(b)温柔悦耳。2.表示间接命令或愿望。这句型里的动词宾语是第三人称名词或代词，如：(5)LetRoberttakechargeofthemarketingdepartment.(6)Letherjoinourchoir.3.表示警告蔑视威胁等。这种祈使句里的宾语也是第三人称为主。除了口气凶悍之外，有时还语带讽刺，如：(7)Lethimtryandhewillexposehisinabilitytoworkonhisown.（8)Lettheinvaderscomeandourarmedforceswillwipethemoutinnotime.用let的祈使句时，必须注意下列几点：一、let的否定句有二。如果宾语是第三人称用Don'tlet....（见例(9)）；如果宾语是第一人称，则用Let......not（见例(10)）：(9)Don'tletthistypeofthingshappenagain.(10)It'srainingnow.Let'snotgooutuntilaftertherain.二、Let只适用于现在时态，可以有被动语态(thepassivevoice)，如：(11)Lettherecalcitrantcriminalsbesenttoprison.(12)Letallthededicatedcapablestaffbepromoted.三、Let;后头除了是不带to的不定式动词(Theinfinitivewithoutto)之外，还可以是某些适当的副词，如out,in,down,alone等：(13)Openthewindowsandletthefreshairin.(14)Theroomistoosunny.Lettheblindsdown.(15)Letmealone,please.四、用Let's时，把谈话者的对象包括在内；用Letus时，并不包括对方，如：(16)Let'stryit,shallwe?(17)Letusdoitbyourselves,willyou?从(18)里的shallwe和(18)里的willyou，不难知道前者包括听话人，后者并没有。英语祈使句练习题y,I.用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1.It’sanimportant重要的meeting会议.__________(not,be)late.2.____________(not,make)anynoise噪音!Yourmotherissleeping.%R${*r$D!H.V'W,j8E6pc/w4L3.____________(not,speak)withyourmouthfulloffoodand____________(be)polite礼貌的.4.____________(not,talk)and____________(read)aloud大声的.5.____________(not,leave遗留)yourhomeworkfortomorrow,Larry.(kp5cm:h;s%Y,y6.____________(look)out!Acariscoming.7.____________(give)ustenyearsandjustseewhatourcountry国家willbelike.H9P7i)R9U/[7J8.____________(not,let)thebabycry哭.0V6H#M/A$U}4@_9.Wearmoreclothesoryou____________(catch)acold感冒.3\'~:h0z,q)h#d10.Let’s____________(not,say)anythingabout关于it.h0u+^-|7m*sWII.选择填空1.Herdoctorsaid:“________worksohard辛苦”+^8s'}7ik%^$_$m0K%P3bAStop'W0A*b9V.{'g2|4ZBDon’t8C;g2F%_*UCCan’t1F0?5Z:A7H'l:x~6VDNo;K5Y%U+v#w0j/U6E2.——Sindy,________tobehereat8o’clock/。，e%A。。F+p.@8yV*Yyesw1P0Aissure)H2k'j%O.U0T1h'z2oBissurethatCwillbesure6q+r*Z9lw8U5e!g^~Dbesure:H#M*X0?4~,\4r,E3.________whenyoucrosstheroad马路.ADocareBCareCBecarefulDTobecareful8j9Y8p2s5]&r8[$m:U4.________himthesecret,willyou?ADon’ttell(a;C6H;\&v9n8f$r;F5{BNottotell4U9@+e5j1o6NCNottelling(g(g5x(C^&g)K(j!~DNotelling5.________inbed.It’sbadforyoureyes.-t'mh0{#x7q$o7}s){ANottoreadBDon’tread2F+W6h&Yq3W,^!xCDon’ttoreadDNotread6.________Yourchild.We’lllookafterhim.ANottoworryabout3i5v%{$z1z!\&{0[BDon’tworryabout(E3J!M;@jCNotworryforDDon’tworrywith6d:?8r/r*I'J7.Theyareverytired.Why________havearest?%P*}O$s2\8L9V;tAnotthey*cR'|/J1tBdonottheyCdon’tthey(C%l3X-F%?Dnotto8|;b*|U#C8b:m38--Youlookrathertired.________stoppingtohavearest?6c0\#V!K%j-\4W/?:hi2--Allright.AWhynotBHowabout怎么样%`5G1s&W3z0I#E$kCWhynotto-Y3t1_6r7QDwhydon’t9______tellalie.AHardly!q(E5I(Z%I&E8s7d.KBNot#p6k#w+o.KCNoDNever绝不10.Please________lookoutside外面.Lookattheblackboard黑板.9D/n0u-t3S#UAnot/E:?*X,Q0C,E+fBdon’tCaren’tDcan’t8R:`;}/Z*w:Z11.Whydon’tyoujoinusinthegame?（同义句）AWhatnotBWhynot;rP[d5N4L/`3I&M)pCWhytoDHowto12______goforthebookalone,MrsZhang.ALet’s(PD7P1K6d8C'f7ABLetmeR,W!L;T)`6d4b3]$v$E&SCLetusDAllow13John,readthetextforus,________?&s5n)|9d%@-B.J'o*\.`AdoesheBwillheCdoyouDwillyou14.Let’sdoitatonce,________?-^7Ashallwe3j*G$D6g.i6}$G;O-y/GBwillyou9p,w$[*d$?&_-~Cdowe(T.h!N9Z#~:g2LDdoyou7Y;j(}.Q6b2N&as#\'b15.Letusdoitatonce,________?;Ashallwe)b!g+v0_-V;`/f/s-|*bBwillyous,e5|+t#z&O*J$K$SCdoweDdoyou