产品模块化与企业技术及其创新的战略管理

18220064R&DMANAGEMENTVo.l18No.2Apr.2006:10048308(2006)02000708:20041025;:20050322.:(70372018);(03JB630001).:(1964),,,:,;(1930),,,,:,.顾良丰,许庆瑞(,310027):,.,,(MBTI).,,,.MBTI,.:;;;:F270:AStarr1965(modularproduction),,,[1];SalvadorEvans1963[2].,,IBMSUN[3,4].,,.,,,.120,.,,.,,;,,.,[5,6],,[7].,[8],;[9].,,[10],.[5,10],,,.,.2,,90[11~13];UtterbackAbernathyU/A[14],[15],.,,,,.,.(MBTI:modularitybasedtechnologyinnovation),.HendersonClark[16],,,.,[5,17].,.21,,,;,..,.1)(ATI:architecturaltechnologyinnovation).,ATI,,IBMGE.2)(MTI:modulartechnologyinnovation).MTl(CMTI)MTI(GMTI),,20,IntelAMD;,SUN[5].,.,CMTI(),GMTI.3)(ETI:elementtechnologyinnovation).818ETI(CETI)ETI(GETI),CETI,,,CETI;GETI,.,CETI,.22MBTI,MBTI.1,,,;,,MBTI,;,,.MBTI.1Fig.1FrameworkofModularitybasedTechnologyInnovation(MBTI)ofproducts1,MBTI.,,.,;,,().,,,,.,,.PC,PC,PCPC,PC.,,,Nonaka,[18~21].112,(ETI_G_T)(ETI_C_T)(ETI_C_E)92:(ETI_G_E),(MTI_G_T)(MTI_C_T)(MTI_C_E)(MTI_G_E),(MTI_G_T)(MTI_C_T)(MTI_C_E)(MTI_G_E).23MBTI1)MBTI.,MBTI,;[22],MBTI,.U/A[14][15],,MBTI,.2)MFTI.[23,24][25],,,MBTI,;.3)MBTI.,,,.,.MBTI.MBTI,;.,,.3MBTIMBTI,OTIS,;,;,.31OTIS1981,;,OTIS.1997OTISOTIS,,6.8%,OTIS45.6%.,,OTIS30%,,,,.,OTIS,,?,,2002,OTIS1018.,OTIS,,OTIS,.,OTISOTIS,,.,,.OTIS1853,,90,OTIS.OTIS,,,,,,;OTIS,.,,,,,.,,,.,,,.3290,.1988,2,1992.1993200355%,2003317;:46%,33%,12%.,;10%,,.,;,,.,IT,,3COM,,.,,!,IT,100%.,IBM(IPD),,.IBMIPD112:,IPD,IPD.1,(10%),IT,.,2002,1003,.,,.33MBTI,..1).,(),,(),.2).,,,;,.3).(),,,,(),,.4).,,,.,:;,,;,,.,,.4,,?,.,,,,1218.,,.,,;,,,PC.,WTO,,MBTI,,!.[1]StarrMK.ModularproductionAnewconcept[J].HarvardBusinessReview,1965,43(6):131142.[2]SalvadorF,ForzaC,RungtusanathamM.Modularity,productvariety,productionvolume,andcomponentsourcing:Theorizingbeyondgenericprescriptions[J].JournalofOperationsManagement,2002,20(5):549575.[3]BaldwinCY,ClarkKB.Managinginanageofmodularity[J].HarvardBusinessReview,1997,75(5):8493.[4],.[M]..:,2003.[5]DruckerP.Interview:Thepostcapitalistexecutive[A].inPeterDrucker.SelectedessaysofPeterDruckerThefounderofmodernmanagement[M].:,1999.360373.[6]SuzikHA.GMannouncesmodularityproject[J].Quality,1999,38(5):14.[7]ReinertsenD.Modularityandflexibility[J].ElectronicDesign,1998,46(Issue28):48.[8]SalterMS,EdesisWA.Wolfsburgatthecenter[J].HarvardBusinessReview,1991,69(4):105.[9]ErensF,VerhulstK.Architecturesforproductfamilies[J].ComputersinIndustry,1997,33(23):165178.[10].[M].:,2001.[11]XUQingru,iGUOBin,CHENJin.Managinginnovationportfolio:ExperiencesandlessonsinChina[A].IEEEinternationalengineeringmanagementconferenceManagingvirtualenterprises:Aconvergenceofcommunications,computing,andenergytechnologies[C].Piscataway,NJ,USA:IEEE,1996.753760.[12]XUQingru,iZHAOXiaoqing,WANYan,etal.Competencebasedinnovationportfolio[A].Proceedingsofthe2000IEEEinternationalconference[C].Singapore:ICMIT,2000(1):134139.[13].[D].:,1998.[14]UtterbackJM,AbernathyWJ.Adynamicmodelofprocessandproductinnovation[J].Omega,1975,3(6):639656.[15].[J].科研管理,1995(2):2735.[16]HendersonRM,ClarkKB.Architecturalinnovation:Thereconfigurationofexistingproducttechnologiesandthefailureofestablishedfirms[J].AdministrativeScienceQuarterly,1990,35:930.132:[17]MarshallR,LeaneyPG.Asystemsengineeringapproachtoproductmodularity[J].ProcInstnMechEngrs,1999,213(PartB):847851.[18]NonakaIkujiro.Theknowledgecreatingcompany[J].HarvardBusinessReview,1991,69(6):96105.[19]NonakaIkujiro.Adynamictheoryoforganizationalknowledgecreation[J].OrganizationScience,1994,5(1):1438.[20]NonakaIkujiro,KonnoNoboru.Aconceptofba!:Buildingafoundationforknowledgecreation[J].CaliforniaManagementReview,1998,40(3):4054.[21]NonakaIkujiro,TakeuchiHirotaka.Theknowledgecreatingcompany:HowJapanesecompaniescreatethedynamicsofinnovation[M].NewYork:OxfordUniversityPress,1995.[22].[M].:,2000.[23]SchumpeterJA.Thetheoryofeconomicdevelopment[M].CambrigeMassachusetts:HarvardUniversityPress,1934.[24]WheatleyMJ.Weareallinnovators[A].HesselbeinF,GoldsmithM,SomervilleI(ed).Leadingforinnovation:Andorganizingforresults[C].SanFrancisco:JosseyBass,2001.[25]vonHippelE.Thesourcesofinnovation[M].NewYork:OxfordUniversityPress,1988.ModularityofProductsandStrategicManagementofTechnologyandItsInnovationofEnterprisesGULiangfeng,XUQingrui(ResearchCenterofInnovationandDevelopment,ZhejiangUniversity,Hangzhou310027,China)Abstract:Basedonretrospectofmodularitytheoryofproducts,itanalyzesthequietcomingofthemodularityagefollowedaftertheagesofinformationandknowledge,andimprovesthebasicstructureandconceptofmodularityofproducts.Then,itaddesthearchitecturaldimensionintotraditionaltechnologyinnovationbasedontheimportantandexplicitdimensions,andputsforwardthenovelframeworkmodelofModularitybasedTechnologyInnovation(MBTI).Consideringtheactualstrategiesoftechnologyandinnovationmanagementofdomesticandforeignenterprises,itpointsoutthatthemanufactureindustriesofChinahavetorethinkaboutthetraditionaloperationtaciticsofexchangingtechnologieswithmarketsinthepresentincreasingglobalizationofeconomyandmarket,becausesuchbehaviorshavenevermadthemanufactureindustryofoncountrystrongwithrealcompetitivecompetences.Itcannoto