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Unit1Listening1ALectureOK,everyone,whatIwanttodotodayiscontinueourdiscussionaboutcitiesandthechallengestheyface,and,I’dliketofocusonthecityofVenice,inItaly,whichisanextraordinaryexample.So,tobeginwith,let’sreviewafewofthepointswe’vediscussedsofar.Rememberthat,forcenturies,thecityhasbeenstrugglingwiththeproblemofflooding.Asyouknow,theregularfloodwaters—calledtheacquaalta—areabigprobleminthecity.YoumayalsorecallthatthegovernmenthasstartedtheinnovativeMOSEprojecttobuildwaterbarriersandstopfloodingfromtheocean.Now,floodingisanimportantissue,butmanyVenetianssaythatthecityhasmoreseriousproblemsthantheacquaaltaortheMOSEproject.Andmostoftheseproblemshavetodowithtourism.Ofcourse,tourismhasboththepositiveandnegativeside—tourismisextremelyprofitable.ButtheprobleminVeniceistoomanytourists.Forexample,in2007thenumberofVenetianresidentswas60,000.AndwhatdoyouthinkthenumberofvisitorstoVenicewasinthatyear?Twenty-onemillion!Recently,onasingleholidayweekendinMay,80,000touristsvisitedthecity.Publicparkinglotsfilledupandwereclosed.Andtouristswalkedthroughthestreetseatinganddrinkingandleavingalotoftrashbehind.TheresultisthatVenice’scityservicesjustcan’thandlesomanypeople.Thecityhastopaymoreandmoremoneyforgarbagecollectiontocleanupallofthetrash.Inaddition,publictransportationonthefamousboatsandgondolasissocrowdedthatVenetianresidentscanbarelyfindroomtogeton.Alongwithtrashandcrowdedtransportation,cityresidentsalsohavetodealwithhigherpricesforfoodandforhousing.Foodpricescontinuetorisearoundthecity.Somecaféschargeasmuchas13U.S.dollarsforasoftdrink!IntheRialtoMarket—anareawithmanyshopsandstores—someofthegrocerystoreshavebeenreplacedbysouvenirshops,whichmeansthatVenetianshavefewerplacestobuytheirgroceries.Inpopulartouristareas,renthasalmosttripled,andmanysmalllocalbusinesses—forexample,toystoresandhardwarestores—can’taffordtopay.LetmeaddthatthereisaserioushousingprobleminVenice.Atonetime,therewereregulationsmakingitillegaltoconvertresidentialbuildingsintohotels.Butalawin1999removedthoseregulations,andthehousingproblemgotevenworse.Sincethen,thenumberofhotelsandguesthouseshasincreasedby600percent,andthenumberofhousesthatareavailableforlocalresidentshasgonedown.Thesedays,housingisonlyaffordablefortheveryrichorforpeoplewhoalreadyownhousesbecausethey’vebeenpasseddownbyfamily.YoungVenetianssimplycan’taffordtobuyanypropertyinthecity.ThishasforcedahugenumberofVenetianresidentstomoveoutofthecity.Thirtyyearsago,thepopulationofVenicewasaround120,000.Nowit’slessthan60,000.So,whydoesVenicecontinuetoencouragetourismwhenitcausessomanyproblems?Mainlyit’sbecausetourisminVenicegeneratesmorethantwobillionU.S.dollarsayearinrevenue—andmanythinkthattheamountismuchhigher.Also,there’salotoffinancialpressureonVenice.Thecleaningofcanals,restorationofoldstructures,andtheMOSEprojectareallveryexpensive.Tourismbringsinmoneytohelpthecitysolvetheseproblems.AnotherpointIwanttomakeisthatmanypeopleinVenicehavejobsrelatedtotourism.Asmoretouristscometothecity,hotels,restaurants,andmuseumsneedtohiremoreworkers.Infact,thecityofVenicehasalowerunemploymentratethantherestofItaly,andit’slikelyaresultofthetourismindustry.SomepeoplethinkthatVeniceistoblameforitsownproblems—thattheseproblemsaretheresultofgreedfortourists’money.There’salotoftalkaboutlimitingtourists,taxingtourists,andevenaskingtouriststoavoidthebusyseasonsofEasterandCarnival.However,asyoucansee,maximizingthenumberoftouristsinVeniceisalsonecessary.So,thereseemtobenosimplesolutionstoVenice’stourismproblem.好,大家,我今天要做的就是继续讨论城市和他们面临的挑战,我想把重点放在意大利的威尼斯市,这是一个非常好的例子。所以,首先回顾一下我们迄今为止讨论过的几点。请记住,几个世纪以来,这座城市一直在为洪水问题而苦苦挣扎。正如你所知道的那样,定期的洪水称为“获得”-在这个城市是个大问题。你也许还记得,政府已经启动了创新的MOSE项目来建造水屏障,并阻止海洋的洪水。现在,洪水是一个重要的问题,但是很多威尼斯人认为,这个城市比俄罗斯联邦和莫斯科项目有更严重的问题。而这些问题大部分都与旅游有关。当然,旅游既有正面的也有负面的,副旅游是非常有利可图的。但在威尼斯的问题是太多的游客。例如,2007年威尼斯居民的人数是6万人。你认为那年威尼斯的游客人数是多少?二千一百万!最近在五月的一个假期周末,有8万游客参观了这座城市。公共停车场已满,关闭。游客在街上走着吃喝,留下了很多垃圾。结果是威尼斯的城市服务不能处理这么多人。这个城市不得不支付越来越多的垃圾回收资金来清理所有的垃圾。此外,着名的小船和吊船上的公共交通如此拥挤,威尼斯人居民几乎找不到空间。随着垃圾和交通挤塞,城市居民也不得不面对更高的食物和住房价格。全市食品价格继续上涨。一些咖啡馆收取高达13美元的软饮料!在里亚托市场这个拥有许多商店和商店的地区,一些杂货店已经被纪念品商店所取代,这意味着威尼斯人没有购买杂货的地方。在受欢迎的旅游地区,租金几乎增加了两倍,许多小型的当地企业(如玩具店和五金店)也无力支付。让我补充一点,威尼斯有一个严重的住房问题。有一段时间,有规定将住宅改建为宾馆是非法的。但1999年的法律删除了这些规定,住房问题变得更糟。从那以后,宾馆和宾馆的数量增加了600%,可供当地居民居住的房屋数量下降了。这些日子里,住房只有为富人或者已经拥有住房的人才买得起,因为他们是被家庭遗弃的。年轻的威尼斯人根本买不起这个城市的任何财产。这迫使很多威尼斯人居住在这个城市。三十年前,威尼斯人口约为十二万人。现在还不到6万。那么,为什么威尼斯在引发这么多问题的时候继续鼓励旅游呢?主要是因为威尼斯的旅游业每年的收入超过20亿美元,而且很多人认为这个数字要高得多。而且,威尼斯有很大的经济压力。运河清理,旧建筑修复和MOSE项目都非常昂贵。旅游业带来资金帮助城市解决这些问题。我想说的另一点是,威尼斯的许多人都有旅游相关的工作。随着更多的游客来到这个城市,酒店,餐馆和博物馆需要雇用更多的工人。事实上,威尼斯市的失业率比意大利其他地区要低,这可能是旅游业的结果。有人认为威尼斯是自己的问题,这些问题是贪婪游客钱的结果。关于限制游客,征税游客,甚至要求游客避开复活节和嘉年华的繁忙季节,人们谈论很多。但是,正如你所看到的,最大化威尼斯游客的数量也是必要的。所以,威尼斯的旅游问题似乎没有简单的解决办法。Listening2AConversationbetweenClassmatesM:Hi,Linda.I’vebeenlookingforyou.IwantedtoreturnyournotesfromthelectureonSingapore.Thanksforlettingmeborrowthem.F:Noproblem.Sorrythatyoumissedclass.Areyoufeelingbetter?M:Yes,alotbetter,thanks.Doyouhavetimetoanswerafewquestionsforme?TherewereafewthingsinyournotesthatIdidn’tunderstand.F:Sure.M:OK.Sofirst,youwrotehere“Singap
本文标题:国际交流英语视听说4听力原文加翻译U1-U8
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