从许渊冲诗歌翻译看译者主体性研究

ShanghaiInternationalStudiesUniversityTRANSLATOR’SSUBJECTIVITYINXUYUANCHONG’SPEOTRYTRANSLATIONAThesisSubmittedtoGraduateSchoolandCollegeofEnglishInPartialFulfillmentofRequirementsforDegreeofMasterofArtsByYinChuanUnderSupervisionofProfessorLuoPingMay2009AcknowledgementsIdedicatethisthesistoallthosewhohaveofferedmetheirgeneroushelpandencouragementduringthewritingofthethesis.Firstofall,mydeepestgratitudegoestomysupervisor,ProfessorLuoPing,whohasinitiatedmetoworkonthistopicandofferedmeinspiringinstructions,valuablematerialsandenlighteningcommentsfromtheoutlinetothefinalversionofthisthesis.Hisprofoundknowledgeandseriousattitudetowardsacademicresearchhaveleftdeepimpressionuponmeandexertinfluenceonmyfuturestudyandworkcontinuously.Mysincerethanksthengotomyclassmatesandfriendsfortheirgenerousencouragementandinvaluablesuggestionsduringthesiswriting.Lastbutnotleast,Iwouldliketoexpressmyheartfeltthankstomybelovedparents,withoutwhosepersistentsupport,thisthesiscouldnothavebeencompleted.ii摘要传统翻译研究侧重于以原文为中心，主要探讨如何在翻译过程中实现忠实与对等的问题。而作为翻译活动中最活跃成分的译者却长期处于边缘地位。二十世纪七十年代以来，随着翻译研究的“文化转向”，译者的翻译主体地位终于得以确立，继而在国内外掀起了译者主体性的研究热潮。然而，目前有关译者主体性的研究更多注重于对译者主体地位的宏观理论分析和定位，似乎忽略了从微观个案入手，通过某一翻译家的翻译理论和实践来对译者主体性作具体的分析和探讨。这显然不利于译者主体性理论的发展与完善。作为一名颇有建树的翻译家和翻译理论家，许渊冲尤其擅长于将中国诗歌翻译成中法韵文，并因此在中国乃至世界译坛独树一帜。从事翻译工作60多年来，许渊冲共计出版作品60余部，其中以中国古诗翻译作品为主。同时，他还在继承和发扬前人翻译理论的基础上，通过大量的翻译实践，提出了独具特色的翻译思想，并建立了自成一家的许氏翻译理论体系。纵观许渊冲的诗歌翻译作品及相关理论著述，译者主体性在其翻译理论与实践中表现极为突出。本文将从译者主体性的角度出发，对许渊冲的翻译理论和实践进行个案研究，试图探讨译者主体性对许渊冲诗歌翻译理论及实践的影响，并总结其诗歌翻译理论及实践中所体现出的朴素的译者主体性思想。本文将主要针对译者的主观能动性和受动性展开探讨，并试图就如何最大限度地发挥译者的主观能动性以处理译者主体性的制约因素而提出相关建议。关键词：许渊冲；译者主体性；主观能动性；制约因素iiiAbstractTraditionaltranslationstudiesgaveprioritytothesourcetextandtheoriginalauthor,centeringonhowtoachievefaithfulnessorequivalenceintranslation,whilethetranslator,themostdynamicfactorinvolvedintranslation,haslongbeenputinamarginalplace.Sincethe“culturalturn”in1970s,thestatusoftranslatorshasbeengreatlyenhanced.Accordingly,discussionsandstudiesontranslator’ssubjectivityarestirringupwavesallovertheworld.Presentstudiesontranslator’ssubjectivity,however,mainlyfocusonthemacrotheoreticalanalysisandorientationoftranslators’subjectivestatuswhilemicrostudiesonaspecifictranslatorfailtowindueattention,whichwillsurelyrestrictthedevelopmentofthetheoryoftranslator’ssubjectivity.Asanestablishedtranslatorandtranslationtheorist,Prof.Xuhasgainedaworld-widereputationforhisrhymedtranslationsofChineseverse.Devotedtotranslationforover60years,hehaspublishedbothathomeandabroadmorethan60books,amongwhichmostaretranslationworksofChineseancientpoetry.Moreover,hisyearsofexplorationintranslationhasgivenbirthtoalargequantityofdistinctivetranslationthoughtswhichlaterdevelopintohisowntheorysystemofpoetrytranslation.Withallofhistranslationworksconsidered,itcouldbeconcludedthattranslator’ssubjectivityiseverywheretobeseeninProf.Xu’stranslationtheoryandpractice.ThisthesisaimsatconductingacasestudyonProf.Xu’spoetrytranslationtheoryandpracticefromtheperspectiveoftranslator’ssubjectivitysoastoinvestigatetheinfluenceoftranslator’ssubjectivityonProf.Xu’spoetrytranslationtheoryandpracticeandtosummarizethenativethoughtsoftranslator’ssubjectivityreflectedinhispoetrytranslationtheoryandpractice.Thisthesisshallfocusondiscussingabouttranslator’ssubjectiveinitiativeandpassivity,inparticular,andtrytoprovidethetranslatorwithcertainsuggestionsonhowtogiveafullplaytosubjectiveinitiativesoastohandlewiththeconstraintsontranslator’ssubjectivity.Keywords:XuYuanchong;translator’ssubjectivity;subjectiveinitiative;constraintsContentsAcknowledgementsAbstract(Chinese).............................................................................................................iiAbstract(English)............................................................................................................iiiIntroduction.......................................................................................................................1ChapterOneLiteratureReview......................................................................................31.1EarlierStudiesonXuYuanchong’sPoetryTranslation..........................................31.1.1AccomplishmentandStatus.........................................................................31.1.2EarlierStudiesonXuYuanchong’sPoetryTranslation.................................51.2CurrentStudiesonTranslator’sSubjectivity.........................................................61.2.1TraditionalViewsonTranslator...................................................................61.2.2CurrentStudiesonTranslator’sSubjectivity...............................................8ChapterTwoTranslator’sSubjectivity..........................................................................122.1ConnotationofTranslator’sSubjectivity.............................................................122.1.1TheSubjectinTranslation.........................................................................122.1.2ConnotationofTranslator’sSubjectivity.....................................