国际金融重点名词英文解释

Chapter12Balanceofpaymentsaccounting:国际收支平衡账户Adetailedrecordofthecompositionofthecurrentaccountbalanceandofthemanytransactionsthatfinaceit.国际收支账户是对经常项目的组成以及相关金融业务的详细记录。Capitalaccount:资本项目Itrecordedotheractivitiesresultingintransfersofwealthbetweencountries.记录其他导致财富在国家间进行转移的活动。Capitalinflow:资本流入Anincreaseinanation'sliabilitiestothesalesofgoodsandservicestoforeigners.向外国人销售商品或服务导致的金融项目贷方增加。Capitaloutflow:资本流出Anincreaseinanation'sassetsobtainedfromthepurchaseofgoodsandservicesfromforeigners.向外国人购买商品或服务导致的金融项目借方增加。Currentaccountbalance:经常项目余额Thedifferencebetweenexportsofgoodsandservicesandimportsofgoodsandservices.进出口商品或服务的差额。Financialaccount:金融项目Itrecordsallinternationalpurchasesorsalesoffinancialassets.记录所有金融资产的国际买卖状况的账户。Officialforeigncxchangeintervention:官方外汇干预Theofficialtransactionsthatcentralbanksbuyorsellinternationalreservesinprivateassetmarketstoaffectmacroeconomicconditionsintheireconomies.中央银行在私人外汇市场上买卖国际储备以改变经济的宏观环境的交易。Officialinternationalreserves:官方国际储备Theyareforeignassetsheldbycentralbanksasacushionagainstnationaleconomicmisfortune.中央银行持有的外国资产，可以作为国民经济情况不利情况时的缓冲器。Officialsettlementsbalance(orbalanceofpayments):官方结算余额（国际收支平衡）Thebookkeepingoffsettothebalanceofofficialreservetransactions.在会计上登记用来抵消官方储备交易余额的部分。Chaper13Arbitrage:套利Theprocessofbuyingacurrencycheapandsellingitdear.通过对货币的贱买贵卖获得收益。Appreciation:升值Aincreaseinthevalueofmonetaryagainsttheothercountry'smonetarydueinchangesinexchangerates.汇率的变动导致的相对于其他国家货币价值，该国货币价值的增加。Depreciation:贬值Areductioninthevalueofmonetaryagainsttheothercountry'smonetarydueinchangesinexchangerates.汇率的变动导致的相对于其他国家货币价值，该国货币价值的降低。Exchangerate:汇率Thevalueofonecurrencyforthepurposeofconversiontoanother.一种货币转换为另一货币的比值。Foreignexchangemarket:外汇交易市场Themarketinwhichinternationalcurrencytradestakeplace.国际货币的交易场所。Forwardexchangerate:远期汇率Theexchangeratesquotedinforeignexchangewhichdealssometimesspecifyafuturetaransationdate,arecalledforwardexchangerates.在指定未来一个时间上交割的外汇交易中所报的汇价，称为远期汇率。Spotexchangerate:即期汇率Theexchangeratesgoverningtradingofbankdepositsandexecutethedealimmediately,arecalledspotexchangerate.在立即交换银行存款交易中的汇率，叫做即期汇率。Interestparitycondition:利率平价条件Theconditionthattheexpectedreturnsondepositsofanytwocurrenciesareequalwhenmeasuredinthesamecurrencyiscalledtheinterestparitycondition.用相同货币衡量的任意两种货币存款的预期收益率相等的条件，被称为利率平价条件。Chapter14Deflation:通货紧缩Aneconomyexperiencesdeflationwhenitspricelevelisfalling.一个国家总体价格水平的下降。Inflation:通货膨胀Aneconomyexperiencesinflationwhenitspricelevelisrising.一个国家总体价格水平的上升。Exchangerateovershooting:汇率超调Theexchangerateissaidtoovershootwhenitsimmediateresponsetoadisturbanceisgreaterthanitslong-runresponse.当汇率对于货币波动的即刻反应超过了长期反应时，我们称之为汇率超调。Chapter16:AAschedule:AA曲线（资产）Thescheduleofexchangerateandoutputcombinationsthatareconsisternwithequilibriuminthedomesticmoneymarketandtheforeignexchangemarket.国内货币市场和外汇市场均衡条件下的汇率和产出水平的组合叫做AA曲线。DDschedule:DD曲线（产出）Thescheduleofexchangerateandoutputcombinationsthatareconsisternwithequalityofaggregatedemandandsupply.总供给和总需求相等条件下的汇率和产出水平的组合叫做DD曲线。Fiscalpolicy:财务政策Thepolicyworksthroughchangesingovernmentspendingortexes.通过改变政府开支或税收发挥作用的政策。Monetarypolicy:货币政策Thepolicyworksthroughchangesinmoneysupply.通过改变货币供给发挥作用的政策。J-curve:J曲线Thetimelagwithwhichrealcurrencydepreciationimprovesthecurrentaccount.Thecurrentaccountismeasuredintermsofdomesticoutput,andcandropquicklyrightafterrealcurrencydepreciationbecausemostimportandexportordersareplacedseveralmonthsinadvance.Inthefirstfewmonthsafterthedepreciation,exportandimportvolumesthereforemayreflectbuyingdecisionsthatweremadeonthebasisoftheoldrealexchangerate.(chapter16-39题)Chapter15:Fishereffect:费雪效应Allelseequal,ariseinacountry’sexpectedinflationratewilleventuallycauseanequalriseintheinterestratethatdepositsofitscurrencyoffer.Andviceversa.Thislong-runrelationshipbetweeninflationandinterestratesiscalledtheFishereffect.在其他条件不变的情况下，若一国的预期通货膨胀率上升，最终会导致该国货币存款利率的同比例上升，反之亦然。通货膨胀与利率之间的这种长期关系被称为费雪效应。Lawofoneprice:一价定律Itstatesthatincompetitivemarketsfreeoftransportationcostsandofficialbarrierstotrade,identicalgoodssoldindifferentcountriesmustsellforthesamepricewhentheirpricesareexpressedintermsofthesamecurrency.在没有运输费用和官方贸易壁垒的自由竞争市场上，同样的货物在不同国家出售，按同一货币计量的价格应该是一样的。Purchasingpowerparity:购买力平价ThetheoryofPPPstatesthattheexchangeratebetweentwocountriescurrenciesequalstheratioofthecountires’pricelevels.两国货币的汇率等于两国价格水平之比。Nominalexchangerate:名义汇率Therelativepriceoftwocurrencies.两种货币的相对价格。Realappreciation:实际升值Afallintherealexchangerateofacountry’scurrencyagainsttheothers.一国货币对另一国货币的实际汇率下降。Realdepreciation:实际贬值Ariseintherealexchangerateofacountry’scurrencyagainsttheothers.一国货币对另一国货币的实际汇率上升。Realexchangerate:实际汇率Itisarelativepriceofonecountry’sgoodsandservicesrelativetotheother’s.实际汇率是一国商品和劳务相对于另一国商品和劳务的相对价格。Chaper17Balanceofpaymentscrisis:国际收支危机Asharpchangeinofficialforeignreservessparkedbyachangeinexpectationsaboutthefutureexchangerate.对未来汇率预期的变化会导致官方外汇储备的急剧变化。Sterilizedforeignexchangeintervention:有管理的浮动汇率Asysteminwhichgovernmentsmayattempttomoderateexchangeratemovementswithoutkeepingexchangeratesrigidlyfixed.政府试图缓和汇率的波动