高考英语阅读训练掌握主旨大意

英语高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求要求考生读懂简易的英语文学作品、科普文章、公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章并回答相关问题。考生应能：2、根据上下文推断生词的词义3、对文中具体事实和细节进行理解4、对作者的意图进行推理和判断１、掌握文章的主旨大意1.Thesubject/topicoftheparagraph（passage/article）is.2.Theparagraph（text／passage）dealswith____.3.Thewriter’sattitudetoward...is______.4.Whatdoesthepassage/authordiscuss?5.Theunderlinedword(phrase)inthepassagemeans___.6.Fromtheparagraph(text)weknowthat___.7.Theparagraph(passage)couldbeentitled___.8.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?Canyoutellmewhichquestionformsbelongtogettingthemainidea?方法一：主题句定位法怎样掌握文章的主旨大意？主题句的位置Howtogetthemainideaofpassages?Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smoker’scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?（2011山东卷）主题句位置Exercise1.主题句在开头ExercisePeoplehavedifferenttastesinfood.Somefeelthattheyhaven‘teatenamealunlesstheyhavehadsteakorotherredmeat.Somepreferchickenorfishandeatoneortheotherateverymeal.Othersprefervegetablesandfruitsorgrainsandwouldenjoyamealofspaghetti（意大利细面条）,eggplant,andfreshfruit.Otherscouldliveonwhatwerecalledfast--food:ahamburgerorhotdog,Frenchfriesandasoftdrink.（2009湖北卷）Forexample,thepandaisapopularanimal.StoriesaboutthepandaintheWashingtonZooarealwaysfrontpagenewsandimportantfeaturesontelevisionnewscasts.Stuffed(毛绒的)pandasareamongthemostpopulartoysforchildren,andpandapostcardsarealwaysindemandinzoogiftshops.(2011安徽卷)Exercisefirst,second,tobeginwith,first,foronething…Forexample,Oneofthemostimportantusesofgoldisformoney.Goldcanbeusedtomakerings,earrings，andotherthings，Goldisalsousedtomakeagoldleaf,averyflatribbonofgoldthatisoftenusedonpictureframes(框架).Cupsanddishescanalsobemadefromgold.Goldhasmanyuses.(2012江苏卷)主题句位置Exercise2.主题句在结尾ExerciseSomestudentspreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo.Othersprefertobelefttoworkontheirown.Stillotherslikeademocratic（民主的）discussiontypeofclass.Nooneteachingmethodcanbedevisedtosatisfyallstudentsatthesametime.(2011福建卷)Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent.Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessionalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknows“everything”mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance.(2009浙江卷)onthewhole,asaresult,inshort,therefore…ExerciseSoPeoplewholiveincountrieswithmanydoctorsandmodernhospitalsareworld’shealthiestpeople--right？Notnecessarily.Somegroupsofpeoplewhohavenodoctorsorhospitalsatallareamongtheworld’shealthiest.Forexample，peoplewholiveonsmall,farawayislandsgetveryfewdiseasesbecausetherearenooutsiders(外人)tobringingerms(病菌)ornewillness.(2011陕西卷)主题句的位置Exercise3.主题句在中间ExerciseNothingisasusefulasaflashlightonadarknightifatiregoesflat.Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark.Infact,themodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations.Findingsomethinginthebackofacloset（壁橱）iseasywithaflashlightinhand.Acamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfire(篝火)hasbeenout.(2012重庆卷)Joeishappyaboutbeingonabowlingteamthatbowlsonceaweek.Healsoenjoysplayingbasketballtwiceamonth.Duringthesummer，hetriestoplaybaseballonweekends.Joereallydoesenjoyallsportsactivities.Hegoesswimmingasoftenashecan.Wheneverhecan’tparticipate(参加)directly，helovestowatchafootballgameoragolfortennismatch.（2011辽宁卷）ExerciseGoodmannersareimportantinallcountries，butwaysofexpressinggoodmannersaredifferentfromcountrytocountry.Americanseatwithknivesandforks,Japaneseeatwithchopsticks.Americanssay“Hi”whentheymeet;Japanesebow.ManyAmericanmenopendoorsforwomen；Japanesemendonot.Itisonlythewayofbehavingpolitelythatdiffersfromcountrytocountry.(2010河南卷)主题句的位置Exercise4.主题句在段首和段尾SuPulonghashelpedatleast1000peoplebitten(咬)bysnakes.“Itwasseeingpeoplewithsnakebites(伤口)thatledmetothiscareer,”hesaid.“IwasgreatlyupsetbythestoryofanoldfarmerImet.Itwasaveryhotafternoon.Theoldmanwaspullinggrassinhisfieldswhenhefeltapaininhislefthand.Heatoncerealizedhehadbeenbittenbyapoisonoussnake.Innotimehewrappedaclothtightlyaroundhisarmtostopthepoisonspreadingtohisheart.Rushinghomeheshouted‘Bringmetheknife!’Minuteslaterthemanlosthisarmforever.”“ThesadstorytouchedmesomuchthatIdecidedtodevotemyselftohelpingpeoplebittenbysnakes,”Susaid.（2012安徽卷)ExerciseAnant(蚂蚁)canpickupanobjectmorethanfiftytimesitsownweight.Abeecanpullaloadmorethanonehundredandfiftytimesitsweight.Ifwewereasstronginproportion(比例)tooursize,wecouldpullafive-tontruck？Ifwehadthejumpingabilityofagrasshopper(蚱蜢)，wecouldleapathirdthelengthofafootballfield！（2010山东卷）animal’sstrength主题句的位置Exercise5．无主题句TomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.Hetransferred(转学)totheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors(优等成绩).HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground(背景）.Heispresentlyacorporation(大公司)lawyerinMiami,Florida..（2012重庆卷）A.Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation.ExerciseB.Agoodlawy