初中英语定语从句中考核心修订版

TheAttributiveClause解决两个问题：第一，什么是定语？第二，什么可以作定语？概念——定语常常用来修饰名词，常常放在名词的前面或名词后。（一）放在名词前面用来修饰名词的词语有哪些？如abigdog，mybook，theseflowers，beautifulpictures总结：形容词(adj.)，形容词物主代词(my/your/his/her/its/our/your/their)，不定代词(this/that/these/those)常常放在名词前修饰名词；红裤子旧自行车那些树我们的学校这只猫蓝色的天空redpantsoldbikes/anoldbikethosetreesourschoolthiscatbluesky注意：形容词修饰下面三个词的时候要放到这三个的后面：somethingimportant，anythingfunny，nothingspecial（一）放在名词后面用来修饰名词的词语有哪些？例如：streetsinBeijing(北京的街道)，shopsalongstreets(沿街的商店)，thepicturesonthewall(墙上的图画)dogsthatlikeeatingfruits(爱吃水果的狗)，studentswhohelpedteachers(帮助老师的学生)总结：介词短语和句子修饰名词的时候，放在名词的后面介词短语通常是：介词+地点等这里的人们海里的鱼教室前面的树我们家的照片擅长跑步的男孩爱唱歌的小鸟peopleherefishesintheseatreesinfrontoftheclassroomthepicturesofmyfamilyaboywhoisgoodatrunningbirdsthatlikesinging今天的话题就是定语从句，即一个句子放在一个词的后面修饰该词，这个句子就叫定语从句。学习定语从句需要牢牢把握三点：第一，定语从句和被修饰词之间要有一个连接词连接，该词在语法上被称之为“关系代词或副词”；第二，被定语从句修饰的词语，在语法上被称之“先行词”，该“先行词”的作用是：在后面的定语从句中充当某一个成分，如作主语，作宾语，作定语，作状语等。第三，先行词（物还是人）及先行词在句子中做什么成分（主语？宾语？定语？状语？），决定了用哪个关系代词或副词。WhichbabyisJack?穿红裤子的baby是Jack。Thebabyiswearingredpants.ThebabyisJack.ThebabyisJack.whoiswearingredpantsJack定语从句先行词关系代词who总结：先行词是人且在定语从句中作主语用who引导Whichhouseismine?房(子的)顶是棕色的房子是我的。Thehouseismine.whoseroofisbrownMyhouseThehouse’sroofisbrown.Thehouseismine.定语从句先行词关系代词whose总结：先行词若在定语从句中表“属于…所有的”用whose引导Italkedwiththeman.Themanisourteacher.Theman(who/whom)Italkedwith(-)isourteacher.Italkedwiththemanwhoisourteacher总结：先行词是人且在定语从句中作宾语用who/whom引导，且可以省略。总结：先行词是人且在定语从句中作主语用who引导，不可以省略。Thesearethetrees.Thetreeswereplantedlastyear.Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.总结:先行词是物且在定语从句中作主语或宾语用which引导。这些是去年栽的树。总结：先行词是人且在定语从句中做主语或宾语的时候，关系代词_________；作宾语的时候，用_________先行词若在宾语从句中充当定语表示“（谁）的”时候，关系代词用__________先行词若是物且在宾语从句中充当主语或宾语的时候，关系代词是__________whowhomwhosewhich总结：若先行词是人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语时都可以用that引导。Aplaneisamachine.Amachinecanfly.Aplaneisamachine__________canfly.Heistheman.Itoldyouabouthim.Heistheman__________Itoldyouabout.定语从句中的另一个关系代词thatwhichthatwho/whomthat1.Thehouse____________welivein(-)isveryold.2.Thosearetheshoes_____________Ilost(-)lastweek.3.Thatistheman__________foundmyhandbag.4.Lucycan’teatfood___________haschocolateinit.5.Thecar____________myunclebought(-)lastmonthisverybeautiful.which/thatwhich/thatwho/thatwhich/thatwhich/that归纳:that,即指人又指物，作主语或宾语。which,只指物，作主语或宾语。who,whom指人,who作主语,whom作宾语。that,which,whom在定语从句中作宾语时，可省去。1)Aplaneisamachine________________canfly.2)Thecar__________myuncleboughtlastweekwasstolen.3)Thestudents_________don’tstudyhardwillnotpasstheexam.4)Thewoman____________yousawintheparkisourEnglishteacher.which/thatwhich/thatwho/thatwhom/that6.Thevillage____________GuoPenglivesinisveryfaraway.7.Theboy__________iswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.8.Ihatepeople__________talkmuchbutdolittle.9.Thedetectivefoundthethieves__________robbedtheBankofHawaii.10.Myauntworksinauniversity____________hasoverfivethousandstudents.which/thatwho/thatwho/thatwho/thatwhich/that以下情况只能用that作关系代词1先行词既有指人又有指物；2当先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级时或有theonly,thevery等修饰时；3先行词是all,much,anything,something,nothing等不定代词4主句是以who/which开头的特殊疑问句时；Fillintheblanks:1.Theterribletyphoonkilledthepeopleandcattle_______wereinthefields.2.Thewindblewdownthetallesttree_______isinfrontofourschoolgate.3.Thisistheverything______Iwaslookingfor.4.Thisisthesecondnovel______Ihaveeverread.5.Thereisnothingintheworld_______canfrightenme.6.Whoistheman_______isreadingunderthetree?7.Whichisthepen_______youbought?thatthatthatthatthatthatthat先行词若是时间，同时该时间词在定语从句中作时间状语，我们用when作为关系副词。相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。I’llneverforgettheday关系副词whenIjoinedtheleagueontheday.I’llneverforgetthedayonwhenIjoinedtheleague.I’llneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedtheleague.注意：这里的when是副词，所以前面的on省略掉×注：但是若把theday看做是on的宾语，我们可以用代替宾语的引导词which。如下I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheleagueon.×关系副词where.先行词若是地点，且改地点词在定语从句中做地点状语，引导词用where，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。Thisisthehouse.Ilivedinthehousetwoyearsago.ThisisthehouseinwhereIlivedtwoyearsago.注意：这里的where是副词，所以前面的in省略掉注：但是若把thehouse看做是in的宾语，我们可以用代替宾语的引导词which。如下ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.×ThisisthehousewhereIlivedintwoyearsago.×若先行词是reason且该词在定语从句中作原因状语，我们用引导词“why”，相当于“介词for+关系代词（which）”。Iknowthereason.关系副词whyIknowthereasonforwhyshewaslate.Shewaslateforthereason.Iknowthereasonwhyshewaslatefor.××Iknowthereasonforwhichshewaslate.“介词＋关系代词”即“介词＋which”引导定语从句应注意：1介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素A.与先行词的搭配关系1）Iwillneverforgettheday_____________Ijoinedthearmy.2)Iwillneverforgetthedays________________Iworkedintheschool.3)Iwillneverforgettheyear_____________mysonwenttocollege.4)Igothomeat7:00p.m.yesterday____________mostpeoplehadhadsupper.when/onwhichwhen/duringwhichwhen/inwhichwhen/bywhichFillintheblanks.1.Istillremembertheday_________wespentintheforest.2.Istillremembertheday____________IfirstcametoBeijing.3.Thefactory_________wewillvisitislarge.4.Thefactory____________hisfatherworksislarge.5.I’llneverforgetthetime_____________weworkonthefarm.6.Thisisthehouse____________welivedlastyear.that/whichwhen/onwhichthat/whichwhere/inwhichwhen/atwhichwhere/inwhich归纳:关系副词when指时间,关系副词where指地点,在定语从句中作状语。即使先行词是时间地点,若作从句中的宾语，只能用关系代词that,which.7.Ic