英语泛读二-unit-9-first-aid

CPRAirwayClearanceBreathingAnimalBitesBitesbysnakes,dogsorcats,shouldbesuckedoutimmediatelyiftheycanbereached,byeitherthevictimhimselforbyafriend.Themouthoftheonewhoperformsthisoperationmustnotcontainwoundsorabrasionsandshouldbethoroughlycleansedwithwateraftereachwithdrawalofblood.Thewound,ifnecessary,shouldcleansedwithdilutelemonjuice.Immediatelyafterthisthereshouldbeappliedawetbandageorwetpack[医]湿裹法.triangularbandageBurnedbyflamesBurnedbyhotobjectsBurnedbyhotliquidsBurnedbychemicalsExcessivesunexposureContactwithelectricityThebestwaytoextinguishthefireistothrowoneselfproneuponthegroundandsmothertheflamesbyrolling.Rugs,blankets,piecesofclothingoranyothermaterialwithinreachmaybeusedbythevictimoftheaccidentorbythosewhoaretryingtoaidhim,tosmotherandtoextinguishtheflames.Incasesofveryextensiveburnsorscalds,immersionunderwaterofbodytemperatureorslightlybelow,hasbeenfoundverybeneficial.Insuchcasesthepatientmayremainsuspendedunderwaterinahammockfordaysorweeksatatimeuntilthesoresarehealedsufficientlytoallowexposuretotheair.IncaseofchokecausedbyextensiveburnsBurningoftheeyesandfacebystrongacids,freshslakedlime熟石灰,etc.,isbesttreatedbytheimmediateapplicationoftheoliveoilandbakingsoda小苏打mixture.Electricshockisinjurycausedbyanelectricalcurrentpassingthroughthebody.Theelectricitymaybeatmospheric(lightning)orman-made(high-voltagetransmissionandlow-voltagelines).Possibleinjuriesincludeburnsandphysiologicaldisturbances,whichmayrangefromaminorburntodeathinseverecases.Immediatetreatmentconsistsof:separatingthevictimfromthecurrentsource,re-establishingvitalfunctionsandprovidingsupportivecareasrequired.Shuttingoffthecurrentsource,ifthiscanbedonerapidly,isthebestmethod(e.g.throwingacircuitbreakerorswitch).Breakingcontactbetweenthevictimandthecurrentsourcecanbedoneeitherbyshuttingoffthecurrentorbyremovingthepersonfromcontactwithit.Checkforheartbeatandbreathing.Feelforapulsealongtheneck,undertheearlobe,onthechestoronthewrist.Watchtheriseandfallofthechesttoseeifthepersonisbreathing.Ifthereisnoheartbeatandnobreathing,doCPR.(SeeCPR).GetEmergencyCare.Ifthereisaheartbeat,butnobreathing,immediatelystartrescuebreathing.(SeeAirwayandBreathing.)GetEmergencyCare.Infantsandchildrenfrequentlychokeastheresultofswallowingsmallplaythingsorotherforeignobjects.Adultsmaychokefromgettingfishbonesstuckintheirthroatsortryingtoswallowlargepiecesofmeat.FirstAidforaChokingInfant1.DONOTperformthesestepsiftheinfantiscoughingforcefullyorhasastrongcry–eitherofwhichcandislodgetheobjectonitsown.2.Laytheinfantfacedown,alongyourforearm.Useyourthighorlapforsupport.Holdtheinfant’schestinyourhandandjawwithyourfingers.Pointtheinfant’sheaddownward,lowerthanthebody.3.Giveupto5quick,forcefulblowsbetweentheinfant’sshoulderblades.Usetheheelofyourfreehand.FirstAidforaChokingAdultAskthevictim,“Areyouchoking?”Ifthevictimcantalkorcough,theairwayisnotcompletelyblocked.Encouragethevictimtotrytocoughouttheobject.Ifthevictimcan’ttalkorcough,thentheairwayisblocked.1.Standbehindthevictim.Wrapyourarmsaroundthevictim’sabdomen(orchest,ifthevictimisheavysetorpregnant).2.Makeafistandplaceitbetweenthevictim’ssternumandnavel,withthethumbsidefacingthevictim.3.Withyourotherhand,graspthehandthat’sformedintoafist.Thrustyourhandsquicklyinwardandupwardtoexpeltheobject.MuscleStrainSunStrokeBoneFractureUnitNineFirstAidWordPretest1.Bpanic:恐慌,惊慌beinapaniccauseapanicfeelpanic2.Asmother:vt使窒息,使透不过气来,把...闷死;闷熄,闷住(火),扼杀;抑制,忍住;遮掩e.g.agravesmotheredinflowersDon'tputthatclothoverthebaby'sface,you'llsmotherhim!Wetriedtosmotherourlaughter.smotherupascandal3.Cresume:vt恢复;重新占用重新开始;(经打断后)再继续取[收]回e.g.resumetrafficresumeone‘sspirit重新振作resumeone'sseatresumelostterritory4.Bobstruct:阻塞；妨碍妨碍;阻挠;(给...)设置障碍e.g.toobstructaroadtoobstructaplanobstructsomebodyin[from]doingsomethingn.阻碍物,障碍物5.Btilt:vt,vi（使）倾斜；（使）翘起e.g.tiltachairbackwardn.倾斜；斜坡；坡度e.g.(at)fulltilt以全速；以全力6.B7.Bexhale:vt呼(气)放出(蒸汽);发出(气味),发泄(怒气)e.g.inhaleandexhalesmokefromcigarettes,cigars,pipes8.Aslap:vt拍；掌击e.g.slapintheface(slapontheback鼓励)slaparound打击,粗暴地对待slapdown啪的一声放下...;把...重重地放下镇压,压制;拒绝slaptogether草率建造,拼凑slapinto迎面相撞Thecarranslapintotheshopwindow.n.一拍,一巴掌,击拍声e.g.Hegaveheraslaponthecheek.aslapintheeye[face]公然侮辱[打耳光];突如其来的责备[打击]9.Ccompress:vt压［浓］缩；缩短扼要叙述镇压e.g.compresstwomonths'workintooneCanyoucompressyourspeechintofiveminutes?10.Bcrack:vi,vt发出劈啪的响声断裂;裂开身体垮掉,精神衰退e.g.Thevasecrackedwhenitdropped.Oiliscrackedbyheatingunderpressure.石油在一定压力下加热分解。UsefulPhrases:crackopen啪地一声打开crackup(身体或精神)垮下来,不行了inacrack[口]片刻间,转眼间thecrackofdoom世界末日,最后审判日的雷声crackback[美俚]回嘴,反驳UsefulPhrasesUsedinFirstAidrenderfirstaiddrowninone’sownsalivachokeonone’sowntonguerollsomebodyonthegroundputdirectpressureonthewoundplacesomebodyonhis/herbackpinchthenostrilcloseddeliverfourfirmslapsbetweentheshoulderbladeskneelalongsidethevictimapplyacoolclothtotheforehead