远大前程英文介绍

ThestoryisdividedintothreephasesofPip'slifeexpectations.Thefirstexpectationisallotted19chapters,andtheothertwo20chapterseachinthe59-chapterwork.Insomeeditions,thechapternumberingrevertstoChapterOneineachexpectation,buttheoriginalpublicationandmostmoderneditionsnumberthechaptersconsecutivelyfromoneto59.Attheendofchapters19and39,readersareformallynotifiedthattheyhavereachedtheconclusionofaphaseofPip'sexpectations.Inthefirstexpectation,Piplivesahumbleexistencewithhisill-temperedoldersisterandherstrongbutgentlehusband,JoeGargery.Pipissatisfiedwiththislifeandhiswarmfriendsuntilheishiredbyanembitteredwealthywoman,MissHavisham,asanoccasionalcompaniontoherandherbeautifulbuthaughtyadopteddaughter,Estella.Fromthattimeon,Pipaspirestoleavebehindhissimplelifeandbeagentleman.AfteryearsascompaniontoMissHavishamandEstella,hespendsmoreyearsasanapprenticetoJoe,sothathemaygrowuptohavealivelihoodworkingasablacksmith.ThislifeissuddenlyturnedupsidedownwhenheisvisitedbyaLondonattorney,Mr.Jaggers,whoinformsPipthatheistocomeintotheGreatExpectationofahandsomepropertyandbetrainedtobeagentlemanatthebehestofananonymousbenefactor.ThesecondstageofPip'sexpectationshasPipinLondon,learningthedetailsofbeingagentlemen,havingtutors,fineclothing,andjoiningculturedsociety.Whereashealwaysengagedinhonestlabourwhenhewasyounger,henowissupportedbyagenerousallowance,whichhefrequentlylivesbeyond.Helearnstofitinthisnewmilieu,andexperiencesnotonlyfriendshipbutrivalryashefindshimselfinthesamecirclesasEstella,whoisalsopursuedbymanyothermen,especiallyBentleyDrummle,whomshefavours.Asheadoptsthephysicalandculturalnormsofhisnewstatus,healsoadoptstheclassattitudesthatgowithit,andwhenJoecomestovisitPipandhisfriendandroommateHerberttodeliveranimportantmessage,PipisembarrassedtothepointofhostilitybyJoe'sunlearnedways,despitehisprotestationsofloveandfriendshipforJoe.Attheendofthisstage,Pipisintroducedtohisbenefactor,againchanginghisworld.ThethirdandlaststageofPip'sexpectationsaltersPip'slifefromtheartificiallysupportedworldofhisupperclassstrivingsandintroduceshimtorealitiesthatherealizeshemustdealwith,facingmoral,physicalandfinancialchallenges.Helearnsstartlingtruthsthatcastintodoubtthevaluesthatheonceembracedsoeagerly,andfindsthathecannotregainmanyoftheimportantthingsthathehadcastasidesocarelessly.ThecurrentendingofthestoryisdifferentfromDickens'soriginalintent,inwhichtheendingmatchedthegloomyreversestoPip'sfortunesthattypifythelastexpectation.Dickenswasprevailedupontochangetheendingtoonemoreacceptabletohisreaders'tastesinthatera,andthisnewendingwasthepublishedoneandcurrentlyacceptedasdefinitive.DickenshasPipasthewriterandfirstpersonnarratorofthisaccountofhislife'sexperiences,andtheentirestoryisunderstoodtohavebeenwrittenasaretrospective,ratherthanasapresenttensenarrativeoradiaryorjournal.Still,thoughPipknowshowalltheeventsinthestorywillturnout,heusesonlyverysubtleforeshadowingsothatwelearnofeventsonlywhenthePipinthestorydoes.Pipdoes,however,usetheperspectiveofthebitterlessonshe'slearnedtocommentacidlyonvariousactionsandattitudesinhisearlierlife.