西方城市更新发展历程和政策演变-董玛力

1，2，1，3（1.，100101；2.，100049；3.，050016）DEVELOPMENTCOURSEANDPOLICYEVOLUTIONOFURBANRENEWALINWESTERNCITIESDONGMa-li1，2，CHENTian1，WANGLi-yan3（1.InstitueofGeographicSciencesandNaturalResourcesResearch,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100101,China;2.GraduateUniversityofChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100049,China3.EnvironmentandNaturalResourcesCollege,HebeiNormalUniversity,Shijiazhuang050016,China）Abstract:Urbanrenewalpolicesinwesterncitiescanbegenerallydividedintofourgenerations:theeraofbulldozerafterWW,theneighborhoodrehabilitationduring1960s-1970sh,therevitalizationofcitycenterfromlate1970stoearly1990s,andtheintegrativeregenerationofneighborhoodafterthe21stcentury.Thecharacteristicsofrenewalpolicyineachgenerationarequitedifferent.Eachrenewalgenerationhasitsuniquesocialandeconomicbackground,differentmajorparticipants,differenttarget-orientedrenewalmethodsanddifferentregenerationeffects.Therefore,thispapersystematicallyanalyzesthedevelopmentcoursesofurbanrenewalinwesterncities,andconcludesthecharacteristicsofurbanrenewalpoliciesduringthefourgenerations.Firstly,therenewaltheoryinwesterncitiesisturningfromphysicalplantohumanismplan.Secondly,thepolicyideologyofurbanregenerationisdevelopingandreachingmaturityinanissue-orientedapproach.Thirdly,thecooperationmodeofurbanrenewalinwesterncitiesischangingfromgovernmentorientedpatterntomultiplecooperationway,andtheintensepartnershipofthegovernment,privateentrepreneursandneighborhoodresidentsisobviouslythefuturetrendofurbanregeneration.What'smore,basedonthecomprehensiveunderstandingofpolicyrenovationinwesterncities,it'sinspirationtourbanrenewalinChinaisconcludedintheend.Firstly,thenatureofurbanrenewalshouldbere-understoodandre-recognized.Secondly,theultimateobjectofurbanrenewalisthepeopleintheneighborhood,butnottheneighborhoodplaceitself;andthefinaltargetofurbanrenewalistheimprovingofhabitatenvironment.Thirdly,urbanrenewalismorecomplexthaninitialconstructionofurbanplace.TheroleofcityplannersinthefieldofurbanrenewalinChinaisalsodiscussedintheend.Keywords:urbanrenewal;policy;ideology;method：1003-2398（2009）05-0042-05：“———”，、、。，，，、。：，，。：；；；：F291.1：A：：1983—。[e-mail]：2008-07-01；：2008-11-2520095109HUMANGEOGRAPHYVol.24.No.52009/1042HUMANGEOGRAPHYVol.24.No.52009/10200。。[1][2,3]。、。1。1、、。、。1.1、、。1930Green-woodAct[4]。。1937HousingLaw。。。1.22060。60“”[5]。－。1Tab.1EvolutionofUrbanRenewalinWesternCities43



 19601960-19701980-19901990  !#$%&’()*+&’,-./0*1&2345678.9:;=?@1930AB8.=?@1937AB8.C[e-mail]3HIJ?[e-mail]56@1973A?8.OP[e-mail]TUVWXSY@1980AB8.Z[\]^_‘abYVZ[-mail][e-mail]@1995Apq.rstu@1999Almvwxyz{|}8~€&’‚YlmFƒS„…†D‡ˆ‰Š‹VŒŽY‘’“”•–—˜‘”™š›DEœž}Ÿ ¡¢DEˆ‰£¤…–¥S‘¡¢¦§¨©ª=Š‹ «¬¡­®¯°±*²³´Eµ„…†D‡S‘Eœ1¶}“·}Ÿ¸¹®¯º»¼_½¾œƒ¿ÀÁ †DÂíŽ|Ä*ªŠ‹‘¡ÅDEŒÆÇŒÈÉÇ Ê|YËÌÍcÎÏЕÎ-lmѤ–—˜ˆ‰ÒÓFYÔÕÖ×؆D–—YDE†DYÙDEÒÓFYÚ6ÛÜÝÒÓFYÞßàŽáâFGÇãFàŽãFY¿äãFàŽ…YÙàŽåæYYÙàŽçèéœê3H&„œê3HèFG3Hkë Yì§íîçèŽï3Hèì§íîð…ñòóô Yª—õöÔ÷ø3HVì§íîY…kë áâYçèëÈùúeuûüTýíîþeÿ
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!#$%&UrbanRenewal’(UrbanRedevelopment)*+,-.NeighborRegeneration44HUMANGEOGRAPHYVol.24.No.52009/10。。、。80“”[14,15]。“”“20—40”[16]。“”2。、、。2.3、3。1970。50％207075％。。1980。－。、。。。。2090[17]。、。32090。。。、。、、。。2Tab.2IdeologyChangeofUrbanRenewalinWesternCountries45





 


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20095109HUMANGEOGRAPHYVol.24.No.52009/10。、。。、、。。、。。。。。[1]NaomiCarmon.ThreeGenerationofUrbanRenewalPolicies[J].AnalysisandPolicyImplications.Geoforum1999(30):145-158.[2]DaviesAdams.PartnershipsandRegimes:thePoliticsofUrbanRegenerationintheUK[M].Aldershort:Ashgate,2001.17-44,135-159.[3].[J].2004(11)426-32.[4]ShortJ.R.HousinginBritain:ThePost-WarExperience[M].London:Methuen,1982.36-37.[5]Harrington.TheOtherAmericanCities[M].Bobbs-Merrill,1962.14-46.[6]Lipton,G.Evidenceofcentralcityrevival[J].JournaloftheAmericaninstituteofplanner,1977:126-137.[7]Frieden,etal.DowntownInc:HowAmericaRebuidsCities[M].Cambridge:MITPress,1989.15-57.[8]Davoudi.CityChallenge:TheThree-wayPartnership[J],PlanningPracticeandResearch,1995,10:333-344.[9]AdamsD..[M].AveburyAldershot1991.175-185.[10]Roberts,etal.UrbanRegeneration:aHandbook[M].London:SagePublications,2000.29-37.[11].[J].2000.222-260.[12].[J].,2004,21-6.[13]Murray,C.LoosingGround:AmericanSocialPolicy,1950-1980[M].NewYork:BasicBooks,1984.134-178.[14]Schaffer,R