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含有否定意义的词汇1.否定词:not,no,un-,dis-,-less名词或短语absence(缺乏,没有),anxiety(不安),deficiency(不足,缺乏),departure(背离,违背),exclusion(排除,出去),failure(失败),ignorance(无知),neglect(忽视,无视),refusal(拒绝)等Anybody’sguess(谁都说不上),theexclusionof(不顾)2.否定意义的动词:lack,fail,stop,prevent,ignore,refuse,avoid,miss,cease,Bar(排斥,不准),overlook(忽略),spare(不用)Giveup(放弃),keepoff(不接近),knowbetterthan(不至于),letalone(更不用说)名词.表示含蓄否定的名词有:absence(缺乏),freedom(没有),failure(未能),inability(无力),lack(缺少)等。例:Ignoranceofthelawisnoexcuse,不懂法律不能作为免罪的口实。Tomanypeople,healthmeansthefreedomfromanyobvioussymptomsofdisease.对许多人来说,健康意味着没有任何明显的病症。Healthcannotbedefinedasmerelytheabsenceofdisease.健康不能简单地定义为没有疾病。Inmanycaseasimplecausemayberesponsibleforfailureoftheulcertoheal.在很多病例中,某个简单的原因就可能使溃疡不能愈合。动词.表示含蓄否定的动词有:avoid(避免),deny(否认),cancel(取消),fail(不能),ignore(忽视),miss(错过),refuse(拒绝),object(反对),spoil(惯坏),exclude(排除),overlook(忽略)等。例:Butthewoundrefusedtoheal.但是伤口没有愈合。Attimes,however,thisepiglottisfailstoworkproperly,andthefoodentersthelarynxandcauseschoking.有时会厌不能正常活动,因此食物进入喉部而噎住。Ifdrugsupplyanddistributionsystemfail,ablackmarketemerges.如果药品供应和配给体制不健全,黑市就出现了。Bypassoperationseemsindicatedwhenobstructivesymptomsfailtorespondtomedicaltreatment.内科治疗肠梗阻无效时,就要考虑行分流术。形容词.表示含蓄否定的形容词有:rare(稀少),absent(没有),few(很少),little(很少)等。例:Todayitisraretofindacaseofthissortatall.今天,我们不可能再发生这种疾病。Dr.Smithisabsentfromtheemergencyroom.史密斯大夫不在急诊室。副词.示含蓄否定的副词有:hardly(几乎不),scarcely(稀少),little(很少),rarely(罕见),poorly(很差),等。Scarcelydoesfeveroccurwithoutotherdiscomfort.发热而无其它不适是不常有的事。Thediseaseisusuallyofshortdurationandisrarelyserious.通常此病病程短而且几乎不严重。Poorlylocalizedepigastricpainheraldstheonsetofappendicitisinaretrocecalorretroilealappendix.不固定的上腹部疼痛预示盲肠后位或回肠后位阑尾炎的开始。连词.表示含蓄否定的连词有:unless(除非),butthat(要不是),lest(以免),insteadof(代替),butfor(若非),ratherthan(宁愿)等。例:Inpreventionofrecurrentrheumaticfeversulfadiazineshouldbeusedinsteadofpenicillinifthepatientissensitivetothelatter.在预防风湿热复发时,如病人对青霉素过敏,就采用磺胺嘧啶而不用青霉素。Weconsiderthiscasetobeanexampleofemphysemaandchronicbronchitisratherthanemphysemaandbronchiectasis.我们把这个病例看作肺气肿合并慢性支气管炎,而不是肺气肿合并支气管扩张的例子。词组.表示含蓄否定的词组有:keepfrom(防止),protectfrom(防护),refrainfrom(克制),breakdown(出毛病),keepoff(避开),farfrom(远非),fallshortof(缺乏),independentof(不依赖),intheabsenceof(缺少)等。例:Somemicroorganismliveandgrowonlyintheabsenceofoxygen.某些微生物只能在无氧的环境中生长发育。WhenHCLandpepsinappearintheabsenceoffoodtodiluteandneutralizesecretions,ulcerationofthestomachwallmayresult.当胃分泌出盐酸和胃蛋白酶而无食物中和时,可能致使胃壁形成溃疡。Thecostofpreventivemedicinekeepsitfrombeingwidelyapplied.预防医学费用昂贵,使其无法推广。Thepatient,thoughnotentirelyfreefromsymptoms,isregardedasachroniccarrier.虽然病人并非完全没有症状,他仍然算是一个慢性带菌者。
本文标题:含有否定意义的词汇
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