HOW-TO-WRITE-A-SUMMARY

HOWTOWRITEASUMMARYDefinition（定义）Asummaryisashortaccount/paragraphgivingthemainpointsofsomethinglongerordetailed.3StylesofPassagesStyles（体裁）Functions（功能）Narration(记叙文)describeapersonoranevent,withafterthoughtsArgumentation(议论文)showthewriter’spointofviewExposition(说明文)introducesomething,eg.aphenomenonTask1:Howtofindthekeysentencesorkeywords?体裁关键句记叙文议论文说明文抓住who,whathappened,及thewriter’spurpose通常抓住首段和尾段抓住首段或各段首句Task2:Recognizethestylesof3givenpassagesandfindoutthekeysentencesorkeywordsofeachpassage.TheStepsofWritingaSummary(1)定时态：如果阅读材料是过去时，那么基本时态用过去时；如果是现在的，那么基本时态用现在时；(2)定人称：一般情况下采用第三人称来写作，特殊如书信的，可能会使用第一、二人称；(3)定技巧：结合相关技巧，重新组句。1.完全糊涂地照抄原文，连人称都不改的，得0分；2.机械死板地照抄原文，只改人称的，得1分；3.稍微灵活地抄原文，改主语、宾语、原文词序的，得2分；4.创造性地抄，改主语、宾语、原文词序还有句子结构的，最多得3分；5.结构、用词、词性变化比较好的得4至5分。广东高考概括部分评分细则Task3：Rewritethesentencesaccordingtotheskills.(1)Usewordsofsimilarmeanings同义替换法Ididn’tcatchanyfishowingtothefactthatIwasnotpatient.Ididn’tcatchanyfish_________Iwasnotpatient.because(2)Adopttheoppositewaywhensayingasentence正话反说法Youwillfail.Youwill____________.notsucceed(3)Changethepartofspeech词性转换法Patienceisveryimportant.Patienceis_____________________.ofgreatimportance(4)Changethestructureofasentence句式变化法语态变换：Parentsshouldgivechildrenmorepraise.Childrenshould__________morepraise.begiven简单句变复合句：Childrenshouldbeencouragedmore.Thiswillhelpthemlearnfaster.Childrenshouldbeencouragedmore,_______willhelpthemlearnfaster.Childrenaregivenmorepraise.Theywillachievemoresuccess.When_________________,childrenwillachievemoresuccess.whichgivenmorepraise(5)Usetheshortestpossibletransitions连词衔接法注意使用一些短而精的连词，如but,and,so,while,however,then,thus,yet,for,therefore,including,insteadof等。Weshouldencouragechildren.Weshouldnotscoldthem.Weshouldencouragechildren__________scoldingthem.insteadof(6)Changetheorderofthewords.词序改变法Thesecretofsuccesswaspatience.________was___________________.Patiencethesecretofsuccess(7)Omitthedetails细节省略法Don’talwaysscoldandgivelotsofpraiseinstead.———————————————Don’tscoldandgivepraiseinstead.(8)Makeuseofthemeaningofasentence句意理解法ShoppingontheInternetisbecomingincreasinglypopular.______________________________________________________MoreandmorepeoplepreferInternetshopping.Ex1.Rewritethesentences1.Iwon'tgotothepartyifIamnotinvited.Iwon'tgototheparty______invited.2.Hecontributedalottotheconstructionofthecity.Hemade____________________totheconstructionofthecity.unlessalotofcontribution3.Nomatterhowwelltranslated,somethingofspiritoforiginalworkislost._________well_______translated,somethingofthespiritoftheoriginalworkislost.Howeveritis4.SincesheisveryinterestedinEnglish,shewantstobeanEnglishteacher._________________________,shewantstobeanEnglishteacher.BeinginterestedinEnglish5.Themanistalkingwithalady.Hegaveusatalklastweek.Theman_________gaveusatalklastweek________________withalady.【答案】who/that;istalking定语从句who/thatgaveusatalklastweek修饰先行词theman。6.Hedidn’twanttomissthefirstbus,sohegotupearly.Hegotupearly__________________hecouldcatchthefirstbus.【答案】sothat目的状语从句sothathecouldcatchthefirstbus说明动词gotupearly的目的。7.“Didyousleepwelllastnight?”Davidaskedher.Davidaskedher___________________________welllastnight.【答案】if/whethersheslept直接引语转换成间接引语时，如果直接引语是一般疑问句时，连接词要用if或whether，句子保持陈述句的语序。8.Comeon,orwe’llmisstheearlybus._________we_________hurry,we’llmisstheearlybus.【答案】If;don’tif引导条件状语从句，祈使句与条件状语从句的相互转换。9.Johnwillgotobedafterhefinishedhishomework.John_________gotobed_________hefinishedhishomework.【答案】won’t;untilnot…until表示“直到……才”的意思。Ex2.合并句子Wewanttoaskforhelpfromourteacher.Wecanaskforhelpfromourteacher.Wecanaskforhelpfromourteacherwheneverwantto.Theexamwasover.Iexplainedtomyfriend,LiHong.Icouldn’tlethercopymyanswer.Whentheexamwasover,Iexplainedtomyfriend,LiHong,whyIcouldn’tlethercopymyanswer.Ifeltthatthingwouldbedishonest.Ilethercopymyansweratthatmoment.Isaidnotoher.IfeltitdishonestifIlethercopymyansweratthatmomentsoIsaidnotoher.Inthecamp,wewillhavesomeEnglishspeakingcompetition.Wewillwatchsomewonderfulperformances.Theperformanceswillbegivenbythestudentsfromthelocalschool.Inthecamp,wewillhavesomeEnglishspeakingcompetitionandwatchsomewonderfulperformancesgivenbythestudentsfromthelocalschoolaswell.SomeSummaryModelsforYou(1)NarrationSummaryModels(记叙文概要模板)(2)ArgumentationSummaryModels(议论文概要模板)(3)ExpositionSummaryModels(说明文概要模板)(1)记叙文概要模板点明写作目的类：Thewritertellsus…（主题）byshowingusanexampleof…,who/which…（故事情节）.作者经历类：Inthepassage,thewritermainlytellsushisexperienceofdoingsth,which……他人经历类：Thispassageismainlyaboutsb’sexperienceofdoingsth…..(2)议论文概要模板•Thearticlegivestheviewthat…should/shouldn’t…（主题）.…..（补充论据）.•Thepassagehighlights(强调)theimportanceofsth…..•Theauthorarguesthat…•现象揭示类：Thisarticlepointsoutthecommonphenomenon-----…（主题),which…..（补充解释）.•利弊对比类：Thearticlecomparesthedisadvantages/benefitsofAandB.A…whileB…Thepassagediscussestheimpact(影响)ofsth.Onthepositiveside…,butitmayalso….•研究显示类：Thestudyreveals(揭露)that…Thepurposeofthereportistoshowthat…(3)说明文概要模板Task4:WriteasummaryPassage1关键词、句(1)thewriter,anoldman,fishing,experience,teachsb.alesson,(2)Thesecretofsuccesswaspatience.___