2017中考英语-动词时态和语态

第1页共12页动词的时态和语态第一讲动词时态【中考解读】【考点分布】1.一般现在时2.一般过去时3.一般将来时4.现在进行时5.过去进行时6.现在完成时【考点内容】了解并能运用常考的六种时态，尤其熟练运用一般现在时、一般过去时、进行时等高频时态，正确辨析几种易混时态的区别。【命题趋势】动词的时态是中考出现频率较高的语法项目之一。考题多以具体的语境为主，体现了对语法知识、语境理解、语言交际能力的综合考查。六种时态的构成和用法1.一般现在时种类意义构成特点时间标志词例句一般现在时(考查3次）1.现在经常性的状态或动作2.客观事实和真理1.be：用am/is/are；2.实义动词：主语是第一、二人称用原形；第三人称单数时，作谓语的行为动词词尾加-s/-es；其它人称和数用动词原形often,sometimes,usually,always,never,twiceamonth,onSundays,Everyday/week/month/year...(every系列)Theboyusuallygetstoschoolearly.这个男孩经常到校很早。Themoonmovesaroundtheearth.月亮绕着地球转。【注：第三人称单数变化形式】a)一般情况动词在词尾加-s.come---comesspeak---speakswork---workslive---livesb)以o,s,x,ch,sh结尾的单词在词后加-es.do---doesgo---goesfinish---finishesbrush---brushesfix---fixespass---passeswatch---watchesc)以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的单词变y为i加-es.Study---studiescarry-carriescry---cries第2页共12页d)以“元音字母＋y”结尾的单词直接加-s.play---playsstay---stays【2013中考真题训练】1.Yourunclewillcometoseeyouassoonashe_________here.(arrive)（）2.Ourphysicsteachertolduslight_______fasterthansound.A.travelsB.traveledC.travelingD.totravel【重庆1】Itwillbehardforustogetupinthemorningifwe____tobedtoolate．A．goB.wentC.willgoD.havegone【辽宁鞍山1】Itonly_______him20minutes__________tohisofficeeveryday.【重庆市A】InChongqing,youcanoftenseemanypeopledanceoutsidetogetherifit______intheevening.【四川南允2】34.Carmenlikesmusicianswho________differentkindsofmusic.A.playsB.playC.isplayingD.wasplaying【广东省1】—IwonderwhetherBrazilwillwinthematchlatertonight.—Gotobedfirst.Iwillwakeyouupassoonasthematch______.A.startsB.startedC.willstartD.isstarting【四川广安2】—MayIspeaktoMsLane,please?—Sorry,sheisn’tinrightnow.I’lltellyouassoonasshe_____backtomorrow.A.comeB.comesC.willcome【山东滨州3】—Doyouknowifhewillcometomorrow?—No.Butifhe____,I’llcallyoutohaveamealtogether.A.willcomeB.won’tcomeC.comesD.doesn’tcome2.一般过去时【湖南邵阳1】30.Doyouhear____justnow?A.whatIsaidB.whatI'msayingC.whatIsays【浙江嘉兴2】Tom___thepianoeverydaywhenhewasinprimaryschool.A.playsB.playedC.wasplayingD.hasplayed.【2014山东菏泽2】---Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?种类意义构成特点时间标志词例句一般过去时(考查10次）表示过去的动作或状态1.was/were+表语2.实义动词作谓语amomentago=justnow,ago,lastnight/week/month...(last系列),yesterday,theotherday,usedto，thedaybeforeyesterdayWewenttotheHistoryMuseumlastMonday.上周一我们去了历史博物馆。Iwasbusyyesterday.我昨天很忙。第3页共12页---Yes,I______ittwentyminutesago.A.havefinishedB.finishedC.willfinishD.hadfinished3一般将来时种类意义构成特点时间标志词例句备注一般将来时将来的动作或状态1.助动词will（shall）+动词原形2.am/is/aregoingto+动词原形tonight,tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,fromnowon,soon,inthefuture,nextyear,nextweek/month/term..(next系列)Thetwinswillgotothecinemawiththeirparentstonight.这对双胞胎今晚和父母一起去看电影。在时间和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。【注意】：（1）见表格一般将来时（2）shall往往用于第一人称疑问句，will可用于任何人称。（3）will常用于表邀请或命令时以及带有意愿色彩。1.重庆A卷Don’tworry.Billwillhelpyoulookafteryourdogwhenyou________awayonbusiness.A.areB.wereC.willbeD.havebeen2.山东烟台Yesterdaytheteachertoldustheearth______thesun.A.goesaroundB.wentaroundC.isgoingaroundD.wouldgoaround3.湖南长沙---IthinkI’lltakeabustothemeeting.----Thebus?Ifyou______,youwillbelate.A.doB.havedoneC.willdo4.四川宜宾Wedon’tknowifourfriend_____.Ifhe_____,we’llletyouknow.A.comes,comesB.comes,willcomeC.willcome,comes【新疆阜康市、米泉市2】—Mike，youlooksoexcited！—Yeah!There______atennisgameplayedbyLiNathisevening.A.willhaveB.isgoingtobeC.isgoingtohaveD.aregoingtobe【贵州黔西南1】There__abasketballmatchbetweenClassOneandClassThreethisafternoon.A.isgoingtobeB.willhaveC.aregoingtobeD.isgoingtohave【2014四川南允4】Idon’tknowifTom_____heretomorrow.Ifhe________,I’llcallyou.A.comes;comesB.willcome;willcomeC.comes;willcomeD.willcome;comes云南1】Ifthere___nobuyingandsellingofanimals,therewillbenokillinginnature.第4页共12页A.isB.willbeC.hasD.willhave—I'mnotsure.Therearestill3roundstocome.A.wonB.haswonC.willwinD.Wins【甘肃兰州3】Wewonderifourteachers___toourgraduatingpartynextweekend.Ifthey___，we’llbeveryhappy.A.willcome;willcomeB.come;willcomeC.willcome;comeD.come;come【安徽3】Mr.WanghasleftforGuangzhou.He______aspeechthereintwodays.A.givesB.gaveC.willgiveD.hasgiven【山东枣庄1】IfImakealotofmoneyI___givesometomedicalresearchorcharities.A.amgoingtoB.canC.willD.should4现在进行时种类意义构成特点时间标志词例句备注现在进行时(考查1次）1.现在时刻动作：目前正在发生的动作。2.现阶段动作：目前一个时期一直在进行的动作，此刻不一定在进行。am/is/are+动词的现在分词now,atpresent,atthemoment,thesedays,look,listenLook!Whatarethechildrendoingoverthere?看，孩子们在那边做什么？come,go,leave等少数动词的现在进行时形式可表示将要发生的动作。【现在进行时的考点】（1）在语境中判断该动词是否正在进行。Don’tmakeanynoise.Dadissleeping.不要发出任何噪声，爸爸正在睡觉。（2）表示位置移动或状态转移的动词（come，go，leave，arrive）可用进行时表示将来的动作。(3)表示静止状态（be，have，seem）、认识、感觉或情感（see，hear，find，understand，know，think，like，love，want，hope，prefer）等动词一般没有进行时态【注】动词现在分词的构成①一般动词直接在词后加-i②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，应先去掉e然后加–in③以“一个元音字母+一个辅音字母”结尾的动词，应先双写这个辅音字母然后再加-ing第5页共12页stop–stoppingbegin–beginningdig–diggingswim–swimmingrun–runningsit–sitting(注意：listen–listeningopen–openingeat–eatingrain–rainingsleep-sleeping)1.四川成都-----Lily,whereisyourfathernow?Goandgethimforlunch.----Justamoment,please.Father_____aphonecallinhisroom.A.makesB.ismakingC.wasmaking2.江西----MayIspeaktoMrs.Black?----Sorry,mumcan’tcometothephonenow.She_____ashower.A.hasB.hadC.ishavingD.washaving3福建福州----Passtheraincoattome.It_____hardnow.----Hereyouare.A.israiningB.rainedC.willrain4.湖南株洲Don’ten