The-second-coming耶稣第二次降临

英国文学经典阅读·作品文本研究Unit15TheSecondComing13级英本4班学生：日期：2015.12IntroductiontotheauthorSummaryofthepoemTranslationInterestingpointIntroductiontotheauthorWilliamButlerYeats(1865–1939)wasanIrishpoet,dramatist,andoneoftheforemostfiguresof20thcenturyliterature.Hisfamilywerehighlyartistic.ApillarofboththeIrishandBritishliteraryestablishments,inhislateryearsYeatsservedasanIrishSenatorfortwoterms.HewasadrivingforcebehindtheIrishLiteraryRevival.In1923,hewasawardedtheNobelPrizeinLiteratureforwhattheNobelCommitteedescribedasinspiredpoetry,whichinahighlyartisticformgivesexpressiontothespiritofawholenation.HewasthefirstIrishmansohonored.YeatsisgenerallyconsideredoneofthefewwriterswhosegreatestworkswerecompletedafterbeingawardedtheNobelPrize;suchworksincludeTheTower(1928)andTheWindingStairandOtherPoems(1929)1886年—《摩沙达》1888年—《爱尔兰乡村的神话和民间故事集》1889年—《乌辛之浪迹及其他诗作》1892年—《凯丝琳女伯爵及其他传说和抒情诗》1893年—《凯尔特曙光》1894年—《心灵的欲望之田》1897年—《神秘的玫瑰》1899年—《苇间风》1903年—《善恶之观念》1903年—《七重林中》1907年—《发现》1910年—《绿盔及其他诗作》1913年—《挫折的诗歌》1914年—《责任》1916年—《青春岁月的幻想曲》1917年—《库利的野天鹅》1918年—《宁静的月色中》1921年—《迈可·罗拔兹与舞者》1921年—《四年》1924年—《猫和月光》1925年—《灵视》1926年—《疏远》1927年—《十月的爆发》1928年—《塔楼》1933年—《回梯与其他诗作》1935年—《三月的满月》Summary“TheSecondComing”(sometimescalledtheSecondAdvent)referrstothereturnofJesusinanewwaytothisearthafterhis“firstcoming”whenearthlyhistorywillendandanewexistencewillbegin.Neartheendofhisministry，Jesustoldhisdisciplesthathewouldleavethemforawhile，butthathewouldreturnagain.ChristianscholarsdonotagreeonthetimeofJesus'return，noronthemannerbywhichJesuswillreturn.Jesustoldhisfollowersthatnoonewillknowthetimeofhisreturn.soallbelieversmustbepreparedatalltimes.PaulpromisedthatthereturnofJesuswouldbegoodnewsbothtothosewhoarealiveandtothosewhohavedied.ItwillbeatimewhenallbelieversthroughoutallhistorywillbebroughttogetherintothepresenceofGodthroughChrist.Inthefirststanza,thepoetdescribesthepresentstateoftheworld-itspoliticalupheavals,thechaosandcynicismofmoderncivilization,thehaphazardbrutalityofcontemporaryculture.政治动荡、混乱和对现代文明的嘲讽，当代文化的杂乱无章的暴行Inthesecondstanzathepoetdeclaresthatallthischaos,confusionanddisintegrationmustsurelybethesignofrevelation,a“SecondComing”oftheMessiahisathand.theSecondCominghereisnotreallyasecondcomingofChristhimself,butofanewfigure-inthiscasecruel,bestial,pitiless-whowillrepresenttheneweraasChristsymbolizedtheold.TranslationTurningandturninginthewideninggyreThefalconcannothearthefalconer;Thingsfallapart;thecentrecannothold;Mereanarchyisloosedupontheworld,Theblood-dimmedtideisloosed,andeverywhereTheceremonyofinnocenceisdrowned;Thebestlackallconviction,whiletheworstArefullofpassionateintensity.Surelysomerevelationisathand;SurelytheSecondComingisathand.TheSecondComing!Hardlyarethosewordsout盘旋盘旋在渐渐广阔的锥体中，猎鹰再听不见驯鹰人的呼声；万物崩散；中心难再维系；世界上散布着一派狼藉，血污的潮水到处泛滥，把纯真的礼俗吞噬；优秀的人们缺乏信念，卑劣之徒却狂嚣一时。确实有某种启示近在眼前；确实第二次降临近在眼前。WhenavastimageoutofSpiritusMundiTroublesmysight:awasteofdesertsand;Ashapewithlionbodyandtheheadofaman,Agazeblankandpitilessasthesun,Ismovingitsslowthighs,whileallaboutitWindshadowsoftheindignantdesertbirds.ThedarknessdropsagainbutnowIknowThattwentycenturiesofstonysleepWerevexedtonightmarebyarockingcradle,Andwhatroughbeast,itshourcomeroundatlast,SlouchestowardsBethlehemtobeborn?第二次降临！这几个字尚未出口，蓦地一个巨大形象出自“世界灵魂”闯入我的眼帘：在大漠的尘沙里，一个狮身人面的形体，目光似太阳茫然而冷酷，正缓缓挪动着巨腿；它周围处处旋舞着愤怒的沙漠野鸟的阴影。黑暗重新降临；但如今我明白那两千年的僵死的沉睡已被一只摇篮搅扰成恶梦，于是何等恶兽——它的时辰终于到来——懒懒地走向伯利恒来投生？InterestingpointGyreandMysticismTheSecondComingisconsideredamajorworkofModernistpoetry.Thewordgyreinthepoem'sfirstlinemaybeusedinasensedrawnfromYeats'sbookAVisionofmysticism.MysticismItcamefrommeaningtoclosethelipsandeyes,tokeepsecretabouttheinnerworkingsofthereligion.Italsocametobeassociatedwithsecrecyofanykind.MysticismmaybedefinedasthespiritualityofthedirectexperienceofGod.Itcontainsmind,personality,purpose,ideas,values,meaningsdwellandsoon,whichgoesbeyondordinaryintellectualorrationalunderstanding.Thisisabeliefinorthepursuitintheunificationwiththeoneorsomeotherprinciple;theimmediateconsciousnessofGod;orthedirectexperienceofreligioustruth.Mysticismisnearlyuniversalandunitesmostreligionsinthequestfordivinity.Itcanalsobeasenseofmysticalknowledge.GyrewhichsetsoutatheoryofhistoryandmetaphysicswhichYeatsclaimedtohavereceivedfromspirits.ThetheoryofhistoryarticulatedinAVisioncentersonadiagramcomposedoftwoconichelixes(gyres),onesituatedinsidetheother,sothatthewidestpartofoneconeoccupiesthesameplaneasthetipoftheothercone,andviceversa.Yeatsclaimedthatthisimagecapturedcontrarymotionsinherentwithintheprocessofhistory,andhedividedeachgyreintodifferentregionsthatrepresentedparticularkindsofhistoricalperiods(andcouldalsorepresentthepsychologicalphasesofanindividual‘sdevelopment).Yeatsbelievedthatin1921theworldwasonthethresholdofanapocalyptic（天启）moment,ashistoryreachedtheendoftheoutergyreandbeganmovingalongtheinnergyre.InTheSecondComingpoet’smindwasfilledwithgloominconsequenceofthewide-spreadmurderandbloodshedinIrelandinthecourseoftheEasterrebellionof1916.TheIrishcivilwarthatfollowedtheg