动词不定式

Theinfinitive非谓语动词动名词分词现在分词过去分词动词不定式动词不定式（TheInfinitive）一.动词不定式的基本构成：由不定式符号to加动词原形构成,有时也可不带to。其否定式由not+不定式构成.动词不定式的形式一般式：todo（表将来）一般被动式：tobedone进行式：tobedoing（表正在进行）完成式：tohavedone（表已经完成）完成被动式：tohavebeendone1.谓语动词：概述：2.非谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。非谓语动词使用条件Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat.动词不定式可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等.二.动词不定式的句法作用法•1.Toseeyouisglad.=It’sgladtoseeyou.•2.Iwanttoseeyou.•3.Iwanthimtoseeyou.•4.Myhopeistoseeyou.•5.Heisthemantoseeyou.•6.I’mgladtoseeyou.7.Iwenttoseeyou.8.Hewentsoearlyastoseeyou（作主语）(作宾语）（作宾补）(作表语）（作定语）（作原因状语）（作目的状语）（作结果状语）作主语不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。Toseeistobelieve．Nottogetthereintimeisyourfault.注：常用it做形式主语，将todo放在谓语之后，使句子保持平衡。句型1：It+谓语+todoIttakesusanhour___gettherebybus.句型2：It’s+n.+todoIt’sourduty__helpthepoor.句型3：Itisadj.for/ofsb.todosth.Itis+adj+forsbtodosthItis+adj+ofsbtodosth（是形容人的品质的）（是修饰不定式的）Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp.＝Youareverykindtogivemesomehelp.of/for?It’sdifficult_____metoworkoutthemathsproblem..forYouarekindtohelpme.It’skind______youtohelpmeofnice,kind,good,silly,clever,wrong,honesy…easyharddifficultinterestingexcitingboring…….做宾语接动词不定式作宾语常见的几个动词是want,plan,hope,decide,begin,start.need,wait,wouldlike.hate.refuse.wish.prefer,learn.try.like.agree,fail.beabletodo,doone’sbesttodo等.Theydecidedtotryagain.Thelittleboywantedtogettoschoolbefore8o’clock.宾语表示主语所做动作的承受者.一般跟在及物动词后面.1.remember/forget/regrettodosth.(没做某事)doingsth.(已经做过某事）2.stoptodosth.(停下来去做另一件事情）doingsth.(停下正在做的事情）3.like/love/prefertodosth.(具体某一次行为）doingsth.(表习惯性动作，表爱好）4.trytodosth.努力做某事doingsth.试着做某事.5.meantodosth.打算做某事doingsth.意味着.6.goongoontodo(继续做另一件事）goondoing(继续做同一件事）goonwith=goondoing7.need/want/requiresthneed/want/requiredoing=sthneed/want/requiretobedone某事需要被做need/want/requiresthneed/want/requiredoing=sthneed/want/requiretobedone某事需要被做it作形式宾语Ifind/feeltoworkwithhiminteresting．Ifind/feelitinterestingtoworkwithhim．注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。Subject+find/think/feel/make/consider…it+adj/n+todosth.1.Wethought___better___startearly.2.Doyouconsider___betternot__go?3.Ifeel__myduty__changeallthat.4.Wethink__important__obeythelaw.5.Iknow__impossible__finishsomuchhomeworkinaday.beginstartcontinue+tododoing注意下列动词①②likelovehatepreferlearn+tododoing③rememberforgetregret+tododoing④trymeanstopgoon+tododoing1.Boys,don'tforget_____thewindowsbeforeyouleavetheclassroom.A.closingB.closedC.toclosingD.toclose2.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_______onabigrock.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.rest4.Remember_______thelightswhenyouleavetheoffice.A.toturnoffB.turningoffC.turnoffD.toturningoff系动词be,seem,appear,look,get,go,turn,become作表语作宾语补足语(与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓关系)1.Mothertoldme___comebackbefore10o’clock.2.I’llgetsomeone___repairtherecorderforyou.3.Whatcausedhim___changehismind?4.Iwishyou___comeassoonaspossible.5.Heaskedme___dotheworkwithhim结构为：“v+sb./sth.+todoadviseallowaskbegcauseexpectencourageforcegethateinviteorderwishobligewantwarnremindpromisepermitpersuaderequest…sb.todo感官动词（see,hear,lookat,listento,watch,feelnotice等）以及表使动意味的动（have,let,make等）后的不定式作宾补时多省略to.Ioftenhearthem(sing)thissong.注意：当这类动词转为被动语态时，其后的不定式则要加上“to”如：Heisoftenheard________thesong·tosingseewatchlookathearlistentofeelnotice+sb.+dodoingdonemakelethavesb.beseenwatchedlookedatheardlistenedtofeltnoticed+todomadelet用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，使句子完整、正确。1.Letme______(help)you_______(water)theflowers.2.LittleSandywouldlove_______(take)tothecinemathisevening.3.Thoughheoftenmadehisdeskmate______(cry),todayhewasmade_______(cry)byhisdeskmate.4.Isawhim_______intothesmallstore.A.wentB.goingC.togoD.hasgone5.Telltheboy_______outofthewindow.A.nottolookB.tonotlookC.don'tlookD.notlookhelp(to)watertotakecrytocry5.Ihavesomethingtotellyou.(不定式作定语)1)不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系Doyouhaveanythingtowashtoday?Doyouhaveanythingtobewashedtoday?(区别主被动）2)不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容Ihavenochancetogothere.3)被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语Sheisthelasttoleavetheroom.4)不定式为不及物动词时，须加介词Heislookingforaroomtolivein.1.Thehouseisnotbigenoughforusall_______.A.toliveinB.tobelivedinC.toliveD.forlivingin2.Wouldyoupleasepassmetheknife_______?A.tocutthefruitwithB.tocutthefruitC.cuttingthefruitD.cuttingthefruitwith3.Ihavesomethingimportanttosay.pleasefindapieceofpaper（写上）4.Excuseme，couldIuseyourpenforamoment？Ihavenopen（写）towriteontowritewith动词不定式做定语作状语表示目的、原因、结果或条件。Icameheretoseeyou．Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews．Hehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.Tolookathim，youwouldlikehim．(目的)(原因)(结果)(条件)做目的状语常与inorder,soas连用。否定式用inordernotto或soasnotto做结果状语常构成too...to,enough...to或so...asto...的结构动名词（gerund）一.动名词的基本构成主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone二.动名词的性质动名词既具有动词的特点有具有名词的特点，具体表现为：1.动名词可以被定冠词和物主代词修饰Ihopeyoudon’tmindmysayingit.2.动名词可带有自己的宾语和状语Areyoufororagainsthavingthemeeting.Iinsistedonleavingatonce.三.动名词的功用1.可作主语①SeeingisbelievingReadingnewspaperscanincreaseourknowledge.nousenogoodnofun②It`s+ashame+doingawasteoftime/moneyuselessdangerous③Thereisno+doing...①Itisnousecrying.②Itisnogo