陶渊明诗词英文翻译及讲解ppt课件

TaoYuanmingSujieLiSchoolofEnglish,BISU2016-11-21HistoricalbackgroundTheculturalsceneoftheEasternJin（317-420）TheterritoryoftheEasternJinwasmuchdiminished,withtheNorthfallenundertheruleofrivalstates,andthesouthwest(modernSichuan)dominatedbytheCheng-Hankingdomuntil347;butterritorialreductionisnotnecessarilyproportionatetointellectualvigorandculturalsplendor.TheEasternJinandtheensuingfourdynastiesintheSouth–Song,Qi,Liang,andChen–representarichnessofculturalaccomplishmentonascaleunparalleledinpre-TangChina.2Jiankang（建康）wastogrowintoathrivingmetropolis,theworld’smostpopulatedcityintheearlysixthcentury,withapopulationtwicethatofConstantinople,and,aboveall,adazzlingculturalandintellectualcenterthatlasteduntilanortherndynasty,theSui,unitedChinain589andorderedthecityrazedtotheground.六朝时期的建康城是世界上第一个人口超过百万的城市，以建康为代表的南朝文化，与西方的古罗马被称为人类古典文明的两大中心，在人类历史上产生了极其深远的影响。建康城规模极其庞大，以建康皇宫（建康台城）为中心，无外郭城，东西各四十里，人口众多。Thesouth,forthefirsttimeinChinesehistory,ceasedbeingaperipherytotheheartlandintheYellowRivervalley.3Thewideuseofpaper:Bythefourthcentury,paperwasbecomingthemostimportantwritingmedium.Lightweightandeasytouse,itcontributedtotheproliferationofwriting.（140writersrecordedin《隋书》，almosttwicethatofHanwriters）Theconvergenceofdiverseinfluences:arcanediscourseonLaoziandZhuangzi(Daoism),Buddhism,practicalityRelativepeaceandsocialstability:Duringthesecenturies,thesouthremainedmostlyfreefromlarge-scalewaranddestruction,offeringanopportunityforliteraryandscholarlyundertakings.4ImportantliterarydevelopmentPoetry:atransitionfromfour-characterlinestofiveProse:Evenmorethanpoetry,proseplayedaprominentroleinthesocialworld.Fu(赋），history(史）Zhiguai（志怪)，“strangetales”or“anomalyaccounts”，thatgaveaccountofsupernaturalphenomena,exoticlocales,andfantasticfloraandfauna（paradoxography）.ThisnewgenrecameintomaturityintheEasternJin,withGanBao’sInSearchoftheSupernatural(Soushenji，干宝，《搜神记》)asitsrepresentativework.landscaperepresentationinprose,poetry,andpainting山水诗，山水画，（曹操）、陶渊明、谢灵运，王羲之twomaintopics:“wanderinglikeanimmortal”,“becomingarecluse”Thesouthernyuefusongs南朝乐府民歌木兰诗5InthehandsofthelateEasternJinpoetTaoYuanming(365?–427,alsoknownasTaoQian),theconventionalvocabularyandimagesofpoemsonreclusionweretransformedintoamuchmorepersonalizedpoetrynotonlyaboutthepoet’sdecisiontowithdrawfrompublicservice,but,moreimportantly,abouthowhelivedandstruggledwithhisdecisionfromdaytoday.TaoYuanming’swritingswereatestimonytodiscoveringandjustifyingthevaluesofprivatelifeasopposedtothedemandsofthepublicworld;thisaspectofhisworkwasdeeplyembeddedintheculturalandintellectualcontextsofhisage.6TaoYuanming7Abriefintroduction陶渊明（352或365年—427年），字元亮，又名潜，字渊明，自号“五柳先生”，去世后友人私谥“靖节”，世称“靖节先生”、“陶靖节”，浔阳柴桑（今江西省九江市）人。东晋末至南朝宋初期伟大的诗人、辞赋家。曾任江州祭酒、建威参军、镇军参军、彭泽县令等职，最末一次出仕为彭泽县令，八十多天便弃职而去，从此归隐田园。他是中国第一位田园诗人，被称为“古今隐逸诗人之宗”，著有《陶渊明集》。ThecareerofTaoYuanmingorTaoQianwasdividedbetweentheJinandSongdynasties.HewasbornatChaisanginXunyang,nowJiujianginJiangxi,becameaminorofficialat29andthenresignedtotilltheland.Unabletosupporthisfamily,hewaspersuadedtoacceptthemagistracyofPengze.When80dayslateritwassuggestedhesprucehimselfupforavisitfromhissuperiorheretorted,“Iwillnotbowdowntoacountryboyforfivepecksofrice,”andimmediatelyleftforhome,abandoninghispost.Eveninseclusionhewashoundedbymisfortune.Hishouseburneddownwhenhewas44,andhislasttwodecadeswerepassedindestitution,thoughherefusedofficialaidwithcontempt.8《饮酒·其五》结庐在人境，而无车马喧。问君何能尔？心远地自偏。采菊东篱下，悠然见南山。山气日夕佳，飞鸟相与还。此中有真意，欲辨已忘言。9PoemsonDrinkingWine杨宪益戴乃迭译Ihavebuiltmycottageamongstthethrongofmen,Andyetthereisnonoiseofhorseandofcarriage.Youaskme,howcanitbe?AndIreply:Whenmyheartisabsentthelaceitselfisabsent;ForIpickchrysanthemumsundertheeasternhedge,AndfarawaytothesouthIcanseethemountains,Andthemountainsmistsarelovelyatmorningandevening,Whilebirdskeepflyingacrossandbackagain.Inallthesethingsthereliesaprofoundmeaning.Iwasgoingtoexplain…butnowIforgetwhatitwas.10DrinkingWine(V)许渊冲译Inpeople’shauntIbuildmycot;Ofwheel’sandhoof’snoiseIhearnot.Howcanitleaveonmenotrace?Secludedheartmakessecludedplace.Ipickfencesideastersatwill;CarefreeappearstheSouthernHillThemountainair’sfreshdayandnight;Togetherbirdsgohomeinflight.Whatrevelationatthisview?WordsfailmeifItrytotellyou.11桃花源记12AmongTaoYuanming’sprosepieces,“TheRecordofPeachBlossomSpring”(Taohuayuanji)isoneofthemostbelovedtextsinclassicalChineseliterature.Itdescribesautopiancommunitywheretherearenousualsocialconstraintssuchastaxationandhierarchy,andeveryonelivesincontentment.Hiddenawayinthemountains,thecommunityisaccidentallydiscoveredbyafisherman.Later,thefishermantriestoretracehissteps,buthecanneverfindthecommunityagain.ThestoryofthePeachBlossomSpringhasinspirednumerouswritingsinlatertimesandbecomeaminorliterarytraditioninitself.13桃花源记晋太元中，武陵人捕鱼为业。缘溪行，忘路之远近。忽逢桃花林，夹岸数百步，中无杂树，芳草鲜美，落英缤纷，渔人甚异之。复前行，欲穷其林。林尽水源，便得一山，山有小口，仿佛若有光。便舍船，从口入。初极狭，才通人。复行数十步，豁然开朗。土地平旷，屋舍俨然，有良田美池桑竹之属。阡陌交通，鸡犬相闻。其中往来种作，男女衣着，悉如外人。黄发垂髫，并怡然自乐。见渔人，乃大惊，问所从来。具答之。便要还家，设酒杀鸡作食。村中闻有此人，咸来问讯。自云先世避秦时乱，率妻子邑人来此绝境，不复出焉，遂与外人间隔。问今是何世，乃不知有汉，无论魏晋。此人一一为具言所闻，皆叹惋。余人各复延至其家，皆出酒食。停数日，辞去