Sonnet-18--英文赏析

Sonnet18WilliamShakespeare（1564~1616）ShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?(A)Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate:(B)RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,(A)Andsummer’sleasehathalltooshortadate,(B)Sometimestoohottheeyeofheavenshines,(C)Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimm’d;(D)Andeveryfairformfairsometimesdeclines,(C)Bychance,ornature’schangingcourse,untrimme’d:(D)Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade,(E)Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow’st;(F)Norshalldeathbragthouwander’restinhisshade,(E)Whenineternallinestotimethougrow’st.(F)Solongasmencanbreathe,oreyescansee,(G)Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.(G)A.Structure1.Sonnet18canbedividedintofourparts:threequatrainsandacouplet.Thefirstquatrainisfromline1toline4,thesecondfromline5toline8,andthethirdfromline9toline12.Thecoupletisthegroupoflasttwolines.2.TherhymeschemeofSonnet18isABABCDCDEFEFGG.Sonnet18contains14lines.Theendsofline1andline3havetheendrhyme/ei/,line2andline4rhymewith/eit/.Andthesefourlinesformthefirstquatrain.Theline5andline7havetheendrhyme/aɪn/,whileline6andline8have/d/.Thesameformisusedinline9andline11andline10andline2,whichendwiththerhyme/eɪd/and/əʊst/.However,thelasttwolineshavetheirownendrhymewhichis/i:/.3.Sonnet18isiambicpentameter.EachlineofSonnet18hasfivefeetwithanunaccentedsyllablefollowedbyanaccentedsyllable.Examplesareasfollow:“ShallI/compare/theeto/asum/mer’sday?”hasaccentson“shall”,”com”,”thee”,”a,mer”respectively.“Thouart/morelove/lyand/moretem/perate:”hasaccentson“thou”,“more”,“ly”,“more”,“pe”respectively.B.Languageuse1.Severalkindsofrhetoricareused.Metaphor:“Theeyeofheaven”meansthesun.Simile:“ShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?”usessimiletocomparethelovedtoasummer’sday.Personification:“hisgoldcomplexion”personatesthesummer’sdayand“shakethedarlingbuds”uses“shake”topersonatetheroughwinds.Inversion:“Andeveryfairformfairsometimesdeclines”canbeintheorderlikethis:“Andeveryfairsometimedeclinesfromfair”.“Bychance,ornature’schangingcourse,untrimme’d”canbeintheorderlikethis:“untrimmedbychanceornature'schangingcourse”.2.OldEnglishuseThee:“you”asobjectThou:“you”assubjectArt:areHath:hasThy:“your”followedbyaconsonant3.Images“Asummer'sday”meanstheseasonofsummer.“Day”meansaperiodoftime.“Lease”meansallottedtime.“Theeyeofheaven”meanssun.“Hisits”meanssun.“Fair”meanssomethingbeautiful.“This”meansthispoem.C.Appreciation1.Shakespearecompareshisfriendtoasummer’sday.Fromline1toline8,thenhepaysattentiontopraisehisfriend’spermanence,whilefromline9toline14,andhisfocusisshiftedtowardsexpressingthatpoetryisimmortal.2.Sonnet18’sfirstlineasksaquestion:howcanIcompareyoutoasummer’sday?Line2answersthequestionthatthelovedoneismoregentleandlovely.Fromline4toline8,poetsayssummeristooshort.Andsometimesitwillshinetoomuchandcanbeburningwhilesometimesitwillbedimmedwhencloudyorovercast.Allthebeautifulthingswillfinallylosetheirperfectionfornature’schangeandinstability.Fromline9toline14,poetstartspraisinganeternalbeauty.Thisbeautyisthebelovedoneandalsothepoems,anditisthepoemsmakethelovedeverlasting.3.ThethemeofSonnet18isthatloveistheonlythingthatcanconquerallthethingsintheworldandthebeautyistheimmortalthingthatcanneverbereplaced.