B7U1动词不定式的基本用法

动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，动词不定式可以带宾语或状语构成动词不定式短语，它能起名词、形容词和副词的作用，在句子中作主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。它没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。有时在不定式to之前加“for/of＋名词/人称代词宾格”构成动词不定式的逻辑主语。概述动词不定式的形式语态形式一般式进行式完成式主动语态(not)tomake(not)tobemaking(not)tohavemade被动语态(not)tobemade(not)tohavebeenmade记住：不定式有“三式”和“两态”。动词不定式的形式◆一般式（not）todo一般式表示的动词有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。Ourheadteacherseemstoknowthis.我希望再见到你。_________________________Ihopetoseeyouagain.动词不定式的形式◆完成式（not）tohavedone完成式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。Heseemstohavecaughtacold.很抱歉给你带来这么多的麻烦。__________________________________I'msorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.动词不定式的形式Mydeskmatepretendedtobestudying.◆进行式（not）tobedoing进行式：表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。Heseemstobeeatingsomething.他假装在学习。______________________________动词不定式的语法功能（一）作主语动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：1.把不定式置于句首。Togettherebybikewilltakeushalfanhour.眼见为实。____________________Toseeistobelieve.动词不定式的语法功能（一）作主语动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：2.用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后。It'sourdutytotakegoodcareoftheold.听到你的声音真高兴。______________________________It’snicetohearyourvoice.it作形式主语常用于下列结构中：(1)Itis/was+adj.+(ofsb.)todo…（如good/kind/nice/clever/foolish/selfish…）(2)Itis+adj.+(forsb.)+todo…（如easy/difficult/hard//unwise/possible/necessary…）(3)Itis+a/an+名词+todo...（如apity/ashame/apleasure/one’sduty/anhonor…）(4)Ittakes(sb.)sometime/courage/patience…todo…动词不定式的语法功能（二）作宾语1)动词+不定式Thedriverfailedtoseetheothercarintime.司机没能及时看见另一辆车。我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。______________________________________★常用的动词有afford,aim,appear,agree,arrange,ask,decide,bother,care,choose,come,dare,demand,desire,determine,expect,hope,fail,happen,help,learn,long（渴望）,mean,manage,offer,ought,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,seem,tend,wish…Ihappentoknowtheanswertoyourquestion.动词不定式的语法功能（二）作宾语2）动词+疑问词+toPleaseshowushowtodothat.请演示给我们如何去做。有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。Therearesomanykindsoftape-recordersonsalethatIcan'tmakeupmymind_____________.★常用的动词有decide,know,considerforget,learn,remember,show,understand,see,wonder,hear,findout,explain,tell…whichtobuy某些及物动词可用-ing也可用动词不定式作宾语,但意义不同:stoptodostopdoing停下来去做另外一件事停止正在做的事情goontodogoondoingtrytodotrydoing设法、努力做某事做了一件事后，接着做另一件事继续做原来做的事尝试做某事meantodomeandoing打算做某事意味着干某事某些及物动词可用-ing也可用动词不定式作宾语,但意义不同:Toseeistobelieve.remembertodorememberdoingforgettodoforgetdoingregrettodoregretdoing记得要去做某事.(事情还没有做)记得做过某事忘记要去做某事.(事情还没有做)忘记做过某事对做过的事遗憾、后悔很遗憾地/抱歉地做.(事情还没有做)动词不定式的语法功能（三）作补语1.动词+宾语+不定式(todo)Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。老师建议我们每天大声读英语。______________________________________★常见的动词有advise,allow,believe,cause,drive,encourage,forbid,force,hire,inform,instruct,invite,like,order,permit,persuade,remind,request,require,select,send,tell,warn…TheteacheradvisedustoreadEnglishloudlyeveryday.动词不定式的语法功能WeconsiderTomtobeoneofthebeststudentsinourclass.（三）作补语2.动词+宾语+不定式(tobe)Webelievehimtobeguilty.我们相信他是有罪的。我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。_________________________________★常用的动词有acknowledge,believe,consider,think,declare(声称),discover,fancy(设想),feel,find,guess,judge,imagine,know,prove,see(理解),show,suppose…动词不定式的语法功能（四）作表语不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作；动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为。Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.Ourworkisservingthepeople.动词不定式的语法功能（五）作定语不定式在句中作定语，置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。如：ThenexttraintoarriveisfromWashington.关于这个问题你有什么话要说吗？____________________________________?Doyouhaveanythingtosayonthequestiontobreaktherecord由only，first,last,next以及其他序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用todo形式作定语。NeilArmstrong---第一个在月球上行走的人，在82岁时去世了。NeilArmstrong,thefirstmantowalkonthemoon,diedattheageof82.谁将是下一个破纪录的人？Whowillbethenextone________________?动词不定式的语法功能（六）作状语：常作目的状语搭配有onlyto(仅仅为了),inorderto,soasto,so…asto…(如此…以便……)Heransofastastocatchthefirstbus.他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。我来仅仅是向你告别。________________________________Icomehereonlytosaygood-byetoyou.根据动词的适当形式填空。1.Onweekends,studentsusuallyhavealotofhomework_________(do).2.Thegirl___________(write)aletterinthestudyismycousin.3.Thearchitectrantotherailwaystationinahurryonly____________(tell)thetrainhadgone.4.Myroommateoftenencouragesme__________(notlose)heart.5.Inordertomakeherself________(understand),theprofessorexplaineditinanotherway.6.Doyoumind____________(stay)aloneathome?todowritingtobetoldnottoloseunderstoodstaying7.Allofusconsideredthelawyer________(be)anhonestman.8.Thereareagreatnumberofstudents________(study)intheclassroomatthemoment.9.Thejudgehappened____________(meet)histeacherinthestreet.10.Theman___________(seat)inthechairaskedme_____________(sit)down.11.Itisunnecessaryforus__________(take)agiftwithyouwhenyouareinvitedtodinnerintheUS.12.Itisnouse_______(sit)around________(chat).13.Though_________(beat)bytheoppositeteam,theydidnotloseheart.tobestudyingtomeetseatedtosittotakesittingchattingbeaten14.Whenhewokeup,hefoundhimself______(sit)onachair,withhishands______(tie)back.15.Studentsarenotallowed___________(speak)inthelibrary.16.______________(see)fromthetopofahill,andyou’llfindthecitymorebeautiful.17.______________(see)thedogcomingover,ourfriendranaway.18.______________(see)fromthetopofahill,ourhouselookslikeacar.19.______________(see)moreclearly,theycameupandgotclosetoit.sittingtiedtospeakSeeSeeingSeenTosee根据中文意思，完成下列句子1.很难知