少年维特之烦恼

TheSorrowsofYoungWertherJohannWolfgangVonGoethe约翰·歌德OutlineTheSorrowofYoungWertherAuthorAbouttheNovelBackgroundLeadingCharactersPlotQuestions&AnswersGermany'smostoutstandingwriterandthinkeroneoftheworld'sgreatestwriterFaust(《浮士德》)TheSorrowsofYongWertherElectiveAffinities(《浪漫年代》).Author:JohannWolfgangVonGoetheAbouttheNovelOneofthemostfamous-andinfamous-worksinthehistoryofliterature.Itwasanimmediatesuccessandlaunchedanentireliterarygenre,SturmundDrang(StormandStress).ItnotonlyhelpedtocreateRomanticism,butalsoprovidedavocabularyforadolescentturmoilthathasstayedwithustothisday.狂飙突进运动，又称“狂飙运动”（德语SturmundDrang），发生在1765年到1795年代中叶的德国。它是德国新兴资产阶级全国性的一次文学运动，也是启蒙运动在德国的延长与继续。启蒙运动的主要倾向，都在狂飙突进运动中得到发展与加强。是文艺形式从古典主义向浪漫主义过渡时的阶段，也可以说是幼稚时期的浪漫主义。其名称来源于音乐家克林格的歌剧“狂飙突进”，但其中心代表人物是歌德和席勒，歌德的《少年维特的烦恼》是其典型代表作品，表达的是人类内心感情的冲突和奋进精神。这次运动是由一批市民阶级出身的青年德国作家发起的，他们受到启蒙时代影响，推崇天才，创造性的力量，并把其作为其美学观点的核心。这个运动持续了将近二十多年，然后被成熟的浪漫主义运动所取代。狂飙突进运动SturmundDrangBackgroundInformationThenovelissomewhatautobiographical.In1772,whenGoethewasanobscureyounglegalapprenticelivinginWetzlar,hedevelopedanimpossiblepassionforCharlotteBuff,whowasengagedtoafriendofhis,Kestner.Theensuingtriangleprovedalmostimpossiblypainfulforhim,andGoethehimselfexploredthepossibilityofsuicidebeforemovingpasthisinfatuation(迷恋)withCharlotte.ThreeLeadingCharactersWertherAlbertLotteCouplePlot--BookISettlinginthevillage---Wahlheim,Werthermeetsthevillagebailiff's(区镇地方长官)daughter,Lotte.Theirinteractionisimmediatelystriking.Lotte,however,isengagedtoanupstandingman,Albert.UponAlbert'sarrival,however,WerthergrowsincreasinglyinfatuatedwithLotte.Hecan'tresistfeelingthatLottewouldbehappierwithhim.However,thefaithfulLottehasnointentionofleavingherfiance,andWertherdeterminestotakeanofficialcourtpositionratherthanremaininanimpossibletriangle.Heleavesthevillage.Plot--BookIIHowever，WertherfindthejobdisappointedandhereturnedtoWahlheim.WhenhereturnstoWahlheim,hediscoversthathisinfatuationwithLottehasonlygrownstrongerduringtheseparation.Inanattempttosalvagewhatisleftoftheirrelationship,LotteordersWerthernottovisitheruntilChristmasEve,whenhewillbejustanotherfriend.WertherdecidesthathecannotliveonsuchtermswithLotte,electinginsteadtokillhimself.HepaysLotteafinalvisit,duringwhichheforcesakissandisorderednevertoseeheragain.Athome,alone,WertherwritesLottealetter.HeasksherforAlbert'shuntingpistols.Then,Werthershootshimselfinthehead.Iamfarfromthepastsorrows.Ifindaninexpressiblebeautyofnatureinthetownandabsorbedintheexquisite(细腻的)senseofmeretranquil(安宁的)existence.Questions&AnswersSheisveryfarfrombeingthedisagreeablepersonourfriendsallegetobe.Sheisalively,cheerfulwoman,withthebestofhearts.Questions&Answers1).Epistolarywritingallowstheprotagonisttohavetheirowndistinctvoicesandindividualwaysofthinking.It'sagoodwaytodevelopcharacters.2).Combiningthenarrationandscenery-descriptionwithlyricalartsmakesthenovelpoetic.3).ItisanoutstandingrepresentativeofSturmundDrang.Questions&Answers