The-adventures-of-Huckleberry--Finn---Mark-Twain

TheadventuresofHuckleberryFinnByMarkTwainGroupMembers:倪意燕张梦梦吴碧莲TheAuthorTheBackgroundThePlotofTheadventuresofHuckleberryFinnTheThemesofTheadventuresofHuckleberryFinnMarkTwain,(马克·吐温)SamuelLanghorneClemens（原名萨缪尔·兰亨·克莱门)(1835.11.30－1910.4.21）Hispseudonym['psju:dənim](笔名)“MarkTwain”meanstwofathoms['fæðəm]（英寻）ortwelvefeet--safewaterforthesteamship.HewasborninFlorida,Missouri[mi‘zuəri]密苏里,onNovember30，1835.Hewassuccessivelyaprinter’sapprentice[ə'prentis]（学徒）,atrampprinter,asilverminer,asteamboatpilotontheMississippi,andafrontierjournalistinNevada[ni'vædə;-'vɑ:-]（内华达）andCalifornia.Withthepublicationofhisfrontiertale,“TheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaveras[ˌkæləˈverəs]Country”,（《卡拉维拉县的著名跳蛙》）hebecamenationallyfamous.In1866,hemarriedOlivia[əu'liviə]Langdon.In1871,heestablishedhimselfasasuccessfulwriter.In1904,hiswifedied，andhisdaughterdiedin1909.MarkTwaindiedatRedding,Connecticut[kə‘netikət]（美国康乃迪克州）,onApril21,1910,attheageof75.MajorWorksRoughingIt《艰难岁月》(1872)TheGildedAge(1873)《镀金年代》writtenincollaborationwithCharlesDudleyWarnerTheAdventuresofTomSawyer(1876)《汤姆索亚历险记》LifeontheMississippi(1883)《密西西比河上的生活》TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn(1884)《哈克贝利.费恩历险记》AConnecticutYankeeinKingArthur’sCouru(1889)《亚瑟王朝的康涅狄克州的美国佬》Pudd’nheadWilson(1894)《傻瓜威尔逊》TheManThatCorruptedHaddleyburry（1900）《败坏了赫德莱堡的人》ATrampAbroad1880InnocentsAbroad1832《傻子出国记》ThePrinceandPauper1833《王子与平民》FollowingtheEquator1897《赤道旅行记》ExtractsfromAdam'sDiary1904WhatIsMan？1906《人是什么？》The$30,000Bequest1906《三万元遗产》TheMysteriousofStranger1916《神秘的陌生人》ADog’sTaleAHelplessSituation￡1,000,000Bank-noteTheStolenWhiteElephant《丢失的白象》MarkTwain’sLiteraryInfluenceMarkTwainhasenteredpermanentlyintoAmericanpopularculture.Almosteveryoneisfamiliarwiththeimageoftheman—theunrulymanofwhitehairwithmatchingmoustache[’mʌstæʃ]（小胡子）andeyebrows[‘aibrau]（眉毛）,thewhitesuit,theever-presentcigar.Andmostpeoplequotehissayings,includingmanywhodon’tknowit’sMarkTwain.They’requoting:“Manistheonlyanimalthatblushes.Orneedsto”;“ToceasesmokingistheeasiestthingIeverdid;IoughttoknowbecauseI’vedoneitathousandtimes”;and,ofcourse,“Thereportsofmydeatharegreatlyexaggerated.”MarkTwainisheldinextremelyhighesteembyotherwriters.Oneoftheearliesttributes—andstillperhapsthebest-known—appearsinErnestHemingway’sGreenHillsofAfrica(1935):“AllmodernAmericanliteraturecomesfromonebookbyMarkTwaincalledHuckleberryFinn....It’sthebestbookwe’vehad.AllAmericanwritingcomesfromthat.Therewasnothingbefore.Therehasbeennothingasgoodsince.”TheBackground•MarkTwain,asawitnessofCivilWar,experiencedthetwoAmericas,thefrontierandtheemergingurban,industrialgiantofthetwentycenturyandsawthegreatchangesinthenation’seconomicdevelopmentandpoliticallife.ItwasbeforetheCivilWar(1861-1865),about1850,whenthegreatMississippiRiverwasstillbeingsettled.OnbothsidesofMississippiRiver,therewasunpopulatedwildernessandadenseforest.•HereliesanAmerica,withitsgreatnationalfaults,fullofviolence,evencruelty,yetstillretainingsomevirtues,somesimplicity[sim'plisiti],someinnocence['inəsəns],andsomepeace.MississippiRiverThePlotHuck,apoorboywithadrunkenbrute(残忍的；无理性的)father,asaresultofhisadventure,gainedquiteabitofmoneyandwasadoptedbyarespectablefamily.Huckdislikeshisnewlifeofcleanliness,manners,church,andschool.However,hesticksitoutinordertotakepartinTom’snew“robbers’gang[ɡæŋ]（群；一伙）.”•LaterHuck’sbrutish[‘bru:tiʃ]（粗野的；残忍的）drunkenfather,reappearsintownanddemandsHuck’smoney.Hehangsaround（闲荡；徘徊）townforseveralmonths,harassing[hə‘ræs](骚扰)hisson.Finally,hekidnapsHuckandholdshiminacabin.Huckescapesbyfakinghisowndeath,killingapigandspreadingitsbloodalloverthecabin.LatertheslaveJimjoinedhisescape,becausehisowneristhinkingofsellinghimdowntherivertothedeepSouthofharsherslavery.TheyfloatonaraftdownthemajesticMississippi,butaresunkbyasteamboat,separated,andlaterreunited.Theygothroughmanycomical[‘kɔmikəl]（滑稽的，可笑的）anddangerousadventures.Intheend,itisdiscoveredthatMissWatsonhadalreadyfreedJim,andarespectablefamilyofferstoadoptHuck.ButHuckgrowsimpatientwithcivilizedsocietyandplanstoescapetotheterritories--Indianlands.TheThemes1.RacismandSlaveryAftertheEmancipation[i,mænsi‘peiʃən]Proclamation[,prɔklə’meiʃən](解放黑人奴隶）andtheendoftheCivilWar,America—andespeciallytheSouth—wasstillstrugglingwithracismandtheaftereffects[‘ɑ:ftəi,fekt,’æf-]（副作用，后效应）ofslavery.2.IntellectualandMoralEducationHuckdistruststhemoralsandpreceptsofthesocietythattreatshimasanoutcast[‘autkɑ:st](流浪的人；被驱逐的人)andfailstoprotecthimfromabuse.Theseapprehensionsaboutsociety,andhisgrowingrelationshipwithJim,leadHucktoquestionmanyoftheteachingsthathehasreceived,especiallyregardingraceandslavery.Huckbasesthesedecisionsonhisexperiences.Throughdeepintrospection,hecomestohisownconclusions,unaffectedbytheacceptedandhypocritical[,hipə'kritikl](虚伪的；伪善的)rulesandvaluesofSouthernculture.Bythenovel’send,Huckhaslearnedto“read”theworldaroundhim,todistinguishgood,bad,right,wrong,menace[‘menəs]（威胁，恐吓）,friend,andsoon.3.Superstition迷信Generally,bothHuckandJimareveryrationalcharacters,yetwhentheyencounteranythingslightlysuperstitious,irrationality[i,ræʃə‘næləti]（不合理，无