英语修辞--chiasmus(交错配列法)

Chiasmus----ByEmilyOneshouldeattolive,notlivetoeat(吃饭是为了活着，而活着不是为了吃饭)Asknotwhatyourcountrycandoforyou,askwhatyoucandoforyourcountry.(不要问你的祖国能为你做什么，而要问你能为你的祖国做什么)ChiasmusDefinitionStructureFunctionDefinition1.Theword“chiasmus”comesfromGreekword“chiasmos”,meaning“cross-wide”.Itisaconstructioninvolvingtherepetitionofwordsorsyntacticelementsinreverseorder(ab//ba)2.Adevicethatconsistsoftwobalancedstatements,thesecondofwhichreversestheorderofthewordsinthefirst,withorwithoutarepetitionofwords即在两个句法上平行并列的短语或句子中，后项以相反的顺序重复前项的词语1.Oneshouldeattolive,notlivetoeat.(吃饭是为了活着，而活着不是为了吃饭)2.Formythoughtsarenotyourthoughts,neitherareyourwaysmyways.（我的想法不同于你的想法，正如你处事的方式不同于我的方式一样）StructureRepetitionofthewordsinreverseorderRepetitionofthesyntacticelementsinreverseorderRepetitionofthewordsinreverseorder1.Triflesmakeperfection,andperfectioninnotrifle.2Homeiswherethegreatareasmall,andthesmallaregreat.bba英语中的chiasmus的奇特之处在于“用X标记”的特征或ab//ba的格式Antistrophe&ChiasmusAntistrophe:akindofrepetition,whichrepeatthewordsinreversedorderandalsonamechiasmusa.Mancanbedestroyedbutnotdefeated,mancanbedefeatedbutnotdestroyed(人可以被毁灭但不能被打败，人可以被打败但不能被毁灭。)b..Lovemakestimepass,timemakeslovepass(爱情让时间消逝，时间让爱情消逝)Repetitionofthesyntacticelementsinreverseorder.1.Hewasanangelonthesurface,butatheartaknave.2.Tostoptofearful,andtoofainttogo.3.Fortyistheoldageofyouth;fiftyistheyouthofoldage.(VictorHugo)4.Whetherwebringourenemiestojustice,orbringjusticetoourenemies,justicewillbedone.Chiasmus﹠汉语中的回文回文：把相同的词汇或句子，在下文中调换位置或颠倒过来，产生首尾回环的情趣，叫做回文，也叫回环如：信言不美，美言不信日往则月来，月往则日来非人磨墨墨磨人斗鸡山上山鸡斗；龙隐洞中洞隐龙。FunctionChiasmusservesdifferentpurposesindifferentcontexts.Onmanyoccasionsitservesthepurposeof（1）beingseriousorsolemn（2）wittyorhumorous.（3）emphasizesomethingItoftenachievesaphoristiceffect.Examplesa.Ifyoucannothavewhatyoubelievein,youmustbelieveinwhatyouhave.---（solemn）如果你信仰的东西你无法拥有，你就得去信仰你所拥有的东西.b.Sheisveryforgetfulandsosheworriesagreatdeal,sheworriesagreatdealandsoshebecomesevenmoreforgetful.----（humorous）她很健忘，所以她总是担心；她越担心结果越健忘c.Underfedshelookstoo,potatoesandmarge,Margeandpotatoes(JamesJoyce,Ulysses)-----（emphasis）她看上去营养也不良，马铃薯加麦淇淋，麦淇淋加马铃薯ChiasmusisincreasinglyusedinmodernandcontemporaryEnglishforitsdiversifiedrhetoricalfunctions.Peopleinevitableemploychiasmusinmeditationofsociallifebecauseitcanexpresssophisticatedideas,deepthoughtandeventwistedconceptsinthecomplexsociety.经典语句1.Flowersarelovely;loveisflower-like.花朵是可爱的，爱像花朵一样2.Letusnevernegotiateoutoffear,butletusneverfeartonegotiate.让我们永不因畏惧而谈判，但让我们永不要畏惧谈判10.Wherethereismarriagewithoutlove,therewillbelovewithoutmarriage.哪里有无爱情的婚姻，哪里便有无婚姻的爱情4.Thereasonablemanadaptshimselftotheworld,theunreasonableonepersistsintryingtoadapttheworldtohimself.明达事理之人总是使自己适应世界，而不明达事理之人坚持让世界适应自己5.Youforgetwhatyouwanttoremember,andyourememberwhatyouwanttoforget你忘记了想记住的，却记住了想忘记的6.Apessimistisonewhomakesdifficultiesofhisopportunities;anoptimistisonewhomakesopportunitiesofhisdifficulties悲观的人把机会变成困难，乐观的人把困难变成机会7.Nicetoseeyou,toseeyou,nice!8.Ifleewhochaseme,andchasewhofleesme.9.Whentheyarealonetheywanttobewithothers,andwhentheyarewithotherstheywanttobealone10.Failisfoul,andfoulisfail