论述商务英语中的隐喻及其翻译

MetaphorsinBusinessEnglishandtheTranslation论述商务英语中的隐喻及其翻译Abstract:Traditionalstudieslimitmetaphorasrhetoricalandlexicalmeans,withlittleconsiderationtogrammaticalmetaphor.ButgrammaticalmetaphorisusedextensivelyinvariouswrittengenresofEnglishandhencebecomesanimportantconceptofSystemic-FunctionalGrammar.TheapplicationofgrammaticalmetaphorisoneoftheimportantstylisticfeaturesofbusinessEnglishcontracts.ThispaperaimstoanalyzethefunctionsofgrammaticalmetaphorinbusinessEnglishcontractsinthelightoftheSystemic-FunctionalGrammarandpresentsdifferentwaysoftranslationsystematically.Keywords:grammaticalmetaphor;businessEnglishcontracts;transference2Contents1.Introduction..............................................................................................................32.MetaphorsinbusinessEnglishandthetranslation..............................................32.1Grammaticalmetaphor.........................................................................................32.1.1DefinitionofGrammaticalmetaphor.............................................................42.1.2Commonformsofmetaphor..........................................................................52.1.2.1Metaphorsareconsistedoftenorsandvehicles..........................................52.1.2.2Metaphorswithvehiclesonly.....................................................................52.2MetaphorsinbusinessEnglish.............................................................................62.2.1NounsofmetaphorinbusinessEnglish.........................................................62.2.2VerbsofmetaphorinbusinessEnglish..........................................................72.3TranslationofmetaphorinbusinessEnglishanditscases...................................92.3.1Theunderstandingandrecognitionofthemetaphor...................................102.3.2Thetranslationofmetaphors.......................................................................112.3.3ApplicationandtranslationofgrammaticalmetaphorinthebusinessEnglishcontract....................................................................................................132.3.3.1ThepassivevoiceincontractEnglish.......................................................142.3.3.2ModalverbsincontractEnglish...............................................................162.3.3.3NominalizationstructureincontractEnglish...........................................172.3.3.4TranslationofnominalizationstructureinbusinessEnglishcontracts.....193.Conclusion..............................................................................................................20References...................................................................................................................22Abstract(Chinese)......................................................................................................2231.IntroductionMetaphorismainlyintendedtorefertoarhetoricalmeansthatbasedonpsychologicalassociationsandexpressedbyusingAtoreplaceBorcompareAtoB.TheAmericanpsychologistR.W.Gibbspointsoutthatthecognitiveprocessisusingafamiliarconcepttounderstandtheincomprehensible,complex,abstractorlesscertainconcepts.Inthe1980s,peoplestudiedonmetaphorfromtheperspectiveofcognitivepsychology,andpointedoutthatmetaphorisnotjustarhetoricmeans.Peoplebelievethat“Metaphoricallanguageisareflectionofmetaphoricalthinkingandthehumanunderstandingoftheworldinanontologicalwayofthinking,whichismetaphoricalconceptualsystemofhumancognition,thinking,languageandeventhebaseofthebehavior.”(Lakoff,G&Johnson,M.1980).Metaphormakespeoplerecognize,acquireandknownewknowledgethroughtheconceptsystemsthey’refamiliarwith,whichissimpleandvivid.Metaphorhasafeatureof“toknownewthingsthrougholdthings”,sothemetaphorisestablishedonthebasisofsimilaritybetweenthings.MetaphorisoneofthemostcommonlanguagesinbusinessEnglish.2.MetaphorsinbusinessEnglishandtheirtranslation2.1GrammaticalmetaphorGrammaticalmetaphorisanimportantmeansforpeopletounderstandtheworld.Itcanconvertevents,activities,emotionsintoentity.Grammaticalmetaphorisanimportantpartofthesystemic-functionalgrammar.Itwasfoundedonthe“NaturalgrammaticalView”.InEnglish,themetaphorisacommonrhetoricaldevice,itcomesfromtheGreekword“metapherein”,andthiswordcanbeexplainedas“Carryingfromoneplacetoanother”.Nounornounphrase,verborverbphrase,prepositionalphrasesandsentencescanbeusedmetaphors.Subject,predicateandpredicative,attributive,appositive,object,andadverbial,canbeusedasthebodyofmetaphor.Halliday1andMatthiessen2regardedlanguageasasystemcomposedofsemantics,vocabulary,grammarandvoice,whichreflectwitheachotherfromthetoptothe1MichaelAlexanderKirkwoodHalliday(oftenM.A.K.Halliday)(born13April1925,Leeds,Yorkshire,England)isaBritishlinguist.2PeterMatthiessen(bornMay22,1927,inNewYorkCity)isathree-timeNationalBookAward-winningAmericannovelistandnon-fictionwriter.4bottom.Hallidayalsoinsistthattherelationshipbetweenthemeaningandwordingisnotarbitrary;thereisanaturalconnectionbetweentheformofsyntaxandthemeaningoftheircodes,which