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现在完成时态1.用法:①表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果,强调结果.常用的时间状语有manytimes,just,yet,ever,never,just,already,sofar,bynow等。②表示动作或者状态在过去已经开始,持续到现在,也许还将持续下去。用于延续性动词,常常与sofar、for或者since短语连用。since+时间点/从句,for+时间段,如fortwomonths等。2.现在完成时的构成havehas+过去分词3.现在完成时的四个基本句型肯定句Hehasfinishedthework.一般疑问句Hashefinishedthework?否定句Hehasnotfinishedthework.两回答Yes,hehas.No,hehasn’t.特殊疑问句Whathashedone?4.在下列情形下用现在完成时1九词语①already已经肯定句中或句尾:Ihavealreadyfoundmypen.=Ihavefoundmypenalready.②yet已经否定句和疑问句句尾例:Ihavenotfinishedtheworkyet.Haveyouboughtacomputeryet?③ever曾经句中例:Haveyoueverseenpandas?④never从不句中例:IhaveneverbeentoBeijing.⑤just刚刚句中例:Ihavejustdonemywork.⑥before以前句尾例:Ihaveneverbeentherebefore.⑦sofar到目前为止例:Sofarhehaslearnt200words.⑧howlong多久例:Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?⑨howmanytimes多少次例:HowmanytimeshashebeentoBeijing?2两词组havehasgoneto去了某地(没回来)例:HehasgonetoBeijing(去了北京)havehasbeento去过某地(回来了)例:HehasbeentoBeijing.(去过北京)3两结构fortwomonthsfor+一段时间Jimhaslivedherefor2months.sincelastyearsince+过去点时间LucyhasbeeninBeijingsince3yearsago.since3yearsagosince1990sincehecameheresince+过去时态句子HehasbeeninChinasincehecamehere.4如果句子里面没有时间状语,汉语意思能够加“已经”,往往用现在完成时态。例:Haveyoulostyourlibrarybook?你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗?5现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型Theyhaveplantedmanytreesinthelastfewyears.在过去的几年,他们已经种了很多树。ThisisthebestbookIhaveeverread.这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。ItisthefirsttimeIhaveplayedthecomputergames.这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。6.在现在完成时中,一次性动词不能和一段时间状语连用例:Hehasboughtthebookfor3years.(错)因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for3years连用,改正的办法有五种:①Hehasboughtthebook..(去掉一段时间for3years)②Heboughtthebook3yearsago(改为一般过去时,使句子的意思不变)③Its3yearssinceheboughtthebook.=3yearshaspassedsinceheboughttheb(改为固定句型Itis---since---)④Hehasnotboughtthebookfor3years.(改为否定句)⑤Hehashadthebookfor3years.(用延续性动词have代替buy)6.还有其他一次性动词也是这种情况,可参照前面的五种办法改正,前四种改法都一样,改法各不相同,举例如下:①come/arrive/getto/reach→behere例:Ihavecomeherefor3years.(错)改为:Ihavebeenherefor3years.②leave/go→beaway例:Hehasleftfor3hours.(错)改为:Hehasbeenawayfor3hours.③begin/start→beon例Thefilmhasbegunfor3minutes.(错)改:Thefilmhasbeenonfor3minutes.④open→beopen/close→beclosed例:Theshophasopenedfor3years.(错)改:Theshophasbeenopenfor3years.⑤die→bedead例:Hisfatherhasdiedfor3years.(错)改为:Hisfatherhasbeendeadfor3years.⑥finish/end→beover例:Hehasfinishedtheworkfor3days.(错):Theworkhasbeenoverfor3days⑦join例:Ihavejoinedthearmyfor3years.(错)改为:Ihavebeeninthearmyfor3years.或Ihavebeenasoldierfor3years.⑧buy/catch→have例:Ihaveboughtthebikefor3years.(错)改为:Ihavehadthebikefor3years.例:Hehascaughtacoldfor3days.(错)改为:Hehashadacoldfor3days.⑨borrow→keep例:Ihaveborrowedthebookfor3years.(错改:Ihavekeptthebookfor3years.还有其它的归纳如下:break→bebrokengetup→beupmarry→bemarriedbecome→belose→belost7.延续性动词和终止性动词①延续性动词:表示的动作是能延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。如:learnworkstandlieknowwalkkeephavewaitwatchsingreadsleeplive②终止性动词:也叫非延续性动词,瞬间动词,一次性动词。表示的动作不能延续,即动作发生后立即结束,产生某种结果。在有了某种结果后,动作就不能再继续下去。如:leavestartsetoutarrivereachgettobeginstopshutturnoffmarryputputongetupwakefalljoinmeetreceivefinishendcompletebecomecomegodieopenclosebreakgivejumpbuyborrow8.终止性动词不能和一段时间状语连用。Hehasdiedforthreedays.(错,终止性动词die不能和一段时间forthreedays连用)9.而一般过去时与现在的情况没有联系,仅表示过去的动作,动作到说话时已终止。因此现在完成时不能与表示明确的过去时间如:in1949,yesterday,lastweek等连用,用when或where对这些时间和地点状语提问时,一般只用一般过去时。
本文标题:现在完成时用法大全
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