unit-4-Process-Analysis

Book2:Unit4ProcessAnalysis•1)Befamiliarwiththetypesandfeaturesofprocessanalysis•2)Understandtherelevantlinkingdevicesinprocessanalysis•3)HavetheabilitytowriteprocessanalysisaccordingtotheinstructionsTeachingobjectivetoday•1)typesandfeaturesofprocessanalysis•2)relevantlinkingdevicesinprocessanalysis•3)writingprocessanalysisaccordingtotheinstructionsTeachingFocus4.1.1introduction1)Warm-upactivities:p39,describehowdumplingsaremadeStep1Buymeat,vegetables,flourordumplingwrappers.Step2Cleanthemeatandvegetablesandcutthemintopieces.Step3Combinealltheseintoamixturewithsomecondiments.调味品Step4Rolloutdumplingwrappers,ifthewrappersarebought,justwrapthemixedmeatandvegetableintodumplingoneafteranother.Step5Cookthedumplingsinboilingwaterbeforeeatingthem.4.1ProcessAnalysis2)Summaryofknowledge：ProcessAnalysisProcessAnalysis:oneofthecommonandusefulwaysinwritinglikedescriptionandnarration.Processwritingorganizesitsideasaccordingtothestepsoftheprocess，andarrangesproceduresorstepsastheyreasonablyorobjectivelyoccur.Thepurposeofprocessdescriptionwritingisusuallytoinform,teachorgiveideastothereadersabouthowsomethingnewhappenedorinwhatwayitcanbecompleted.4.1ProcessAnalysis4.1ProcessAnalysis4.1.2Organizationalstructure1)warm-upactivities:sample1onp402)Suggestedanswertoquestion2onp40:Thisparagraphischaracteristicofprocessdescription.ItinformsusofaseriesofstepsBritishhousewivesusuallytakeinpreparingcookies.Thesestepsinvolvepreparations,specificsteps,andthefinalresultofchocolatecookiesmaking.Allthesestepsaredescribedaccordingtotheactualorderofdoingthework.4.1ProcessAnalysis4.1.2Organizationalstructure3)suggestedsummaryofthepatternoftheparagraphp40ThesampleparagraphexplainsordescribesthesuccessivestepsofmakingsomecookiesfortheafternoonteainBritain.Thispatternoforganizationiscalledprocesswriting.Inthispattern,youmayillustratetheprocessofdoingsomethingindetailfrombeginningtoend.Andthedescriptionofthesedetailshastofollowtheorderoftheactualsteps.4.1ProcessAnalysis1)warm-upactivities:sample2onp414.1ProcessAnalysis1)warm-upactivities:sample2onp414.1ProcessAnalysis2)suggestedanswerstoquestionsonsample2(p42)（2）thestepsinvolvedinsample2Step1Performersareseenwalkingacrosstheringtothemusic(audiencewaitingforthefirstbulltoruninfromthatsmallwoodendoor).Step2Variousperformancesstart(bytheassistantbullfighters,thehorse-riders,thosetothrowsticks,andthefinalbullfighter).Step3Thefightingbullfinallygetkilled.Step4Thebullfighterreceivesapplauseandawards,orabuse,orotherthings.Step5Theringplaceiscleanedup.4.1ProcessAnalysis2)suggestedanswerstoquestionsonsample2(p42)（3）patternofsample2comparedwithsample1Onthewhole,itfollowsthesameorderofdescriptionassample1,startingfromthepreliminarytothelaststep.Buttherecanbetwopointsofdifferencesfromsample1:thereisnoobviousdescriptionaboutthefinaloutcomeatthebeginningorend,andsomesentencesofexplanation,classificationandinformationareaddedtofurtherclarifycertainprocedures.4.1ProcessAnalysis3)suggestedsummaryofthepatternoftheparagraphp42Youmayhavenoticedmanysimilaritiesaswellassomeslightdifferencesbetweentheorganizationalpatternsofsample1andsample2.similarities:Onthewhole,sample2followsasimilarpatternoforganizationtosample1inthewayitdescribestheprocessfrombeginningtoend.Insuchapattern,thewritermayconvenientlystructurehisparagraphbythestepsastheyactuallyhappen,whileeffectivenessisalsoachieved.Withintheframework,transitionaldevicesareoftenusedtoensureasmoothflowfromonesteptothenext.4.1ProcessAnalysis3)suggestedsummaryofthepatternoftheparagraphp42Differences:Sample2isnotascompletelyadescriptionofaprocessassample1inthatsentencesofexplanationorclassificationareaddedhereandtheretofurtherclarifytheprocedure.Thisis,infact,moretypicalofprocesswriting.4.1ProcessAnalysis4.1.2linkingdeviceswordsandphrasesthathelpensureasmoothflowofstepsorclarifystepsinwriting.1)warm-upactivities:samplesA\Bonp432)Suggestedanswertoquestionsonp43（seebook）4.1ProcessAnalysis4.1.2linkingdevicesExpressionsthatcommonlyusedtoindicatetheorderofaprocessp44Whenever…begintodo/startdoing…First…then…finallyThencomes…After/beforethis…Now…SignaltheendofAllthebeginningof…Afterwards…someother…InadvanceWhenallthisisdone…4.1ProcessAnalysis4.1.2linkingdevices•Theroleoflinkingdevicesinprocessdescription•ParagraphBiseasiertounderstandthanA.Thoughtheideainbothparagraphsareexactlythesame,thesecondseemsmoreeffectiveinweavingtogetherthestepsofbuyingcards.ThemainreasonisthatParagraphBusessomewordsandphrases(first,then,someother,finally,etc.)toindicatetheprogressofthesteps.•Thisshowsthatlinkingwordsorphrasesplayanimportantroleincombingthespecificstepsofdoingsomethingintoacoherentflowoforder.4.2SummaryoftheunitTwotypesofprocesswriting:exclusivedescriptionoftheproceduresinaprocessanddescriptionwithsupplementaryexplanations.Theexclusiveprocessdescriptionallowsthewritertocoverallthestepsfrombeginningtoend.Thesecondtyperequiresthewritertoclarifycertainstepswithadditionalstatements.Thesecondtypeismorefrequentlyseeninpracticalwriting.linkingdevices:wordsandphrasesthathelpensureasmoot