车辆工程毕业设计42基于有限元中型货车半轴与桥壳的设计

本科学生毕业设计基于有限元中型货车半轴与桥壳的设计系部名称：汽车与交通工程学院专业班级：车辆工程学生姓名：指导教师：职称：讲师TheGraduationDesignForBachelor'sDegreeMediumGoodsVehicleAxleBasedonFiniteElementDesignandAxleHousingCandidate：LiuyuanxinSpecialty：VehicleEngineeringClass：B07-4Supervisor：Lecturer.WangYongmeiHeilongjiangInstituteofTechnologyI摘要中型货车在汽车行业中应用较广泛，而半轴与桥壳是中型货车重要的承载件和传力件。驱动桥壳支承汽车重量，并将载荷传给车轮。其设计的成功与否决定着车辆的动力性、平顺性、经济性等多方面的设计要求。因此，驱动桥壳应具有足够的强度、刚度和良好的动态特性，合理地设计驱动桥壳也是提高汽车平顺性的重要措施。本文以有限元静态分析理论为基础，将CAD软件Pro/E和ANSYS结合运用主要完成了以下设计内容：（1）驱动桥的总体方案确定和半轴的设计校核；（2）驱动桥的设计和多工况校核；（3）桥壳模型的简化和Pro/E建模；（4）运用ANSYS软件对桥壳进行多工况分析，验证设计的合理性。将CAD软件Pro/E和ANSYS结合运用，完成了从驱动桥壳和半轴三维建模到有限元分析的整个过程，并对其进行了强度和刚度的校核。关键词：ANSYS；驱动桥壳；半轴；静力分析；强度；刚度IIABSTRACTDesignedtodeterminethesuccessofvehicledynamics,ridecomfort,economyandotheraspectsofthedesignrequirements.Therefore,thedriveaxlehousingshouldhavesufficientstrength,stiffnessandgooddynamiccharacteristics,therationaldesignofdriveaxletoimprovevehicleridecomfortisalsoanimportantmeasure.Inthispaper,thefiniteelementstaticanalysisbasedonthetheory,ANSYSandtheCADsoftwarePro/Ecombineduseofthedesignwascompletedforthefollowingelements:(1)theoverallschemeforthedriveaxleandaxledesignverification;(2)driveaxledesignandmulti-conditioncheck;(3)shellmodelbridgemodelsimplificationandPro/E;(4)theuseofANSYSsoftware,multi-axleconditionanalysis,verifythedesignisreasonable.Pro/ECADsoftwareandANSYSwillbecombinedwiththeuseofcompletethree-dimensionalmodelingfromthedriveaxletothefiniteelementanalysisoftheentireprocess,andgaincheckingthestrengthandstiffness.Keywords:ANSYS;Driveaxlehousing;Staticanalysis;Strength;Stiffnessi目录摘要.........................................................................................................................................IAbstract..................................................................................................................................II第1章绪论...........................................................................................................................11.1选题背景目的及意义...........................................................................................…11.2国内外研究状况.......................................................................................................11.3设计主要内容和拟解决的问题...............................................................................3第2章驱动桥的总体方案确定...........................................................................................42.1设计车型主要参数...................................................................................................42.2驱动桥形式的确定...................................................................................................62.3半轴形式的确定.......................................................................................................82.4驱动桥设计要求.......................................................................................................92.5本章小结...................................................................................................................9第3章驱动半轴的设计...................................................................................................103.1全浮式半轴计算载荷的确定.................................................................................103.2全浮式半轴的杆部直径的初选.............................................................................113.3全浮式半轴的强度计算.........................................................................................113.4半轴花键的强度计算.............................................................................................123.5半轴材料与热处理.................................................................................................133.6本章小结………….……………………………………………………………….14第4章驱动桥壳的设计………………………………………………………………….144.1铸造整体式桥壳的结构…………………………………..……………...……….144.2桥壳的受力分析与强度计算……………………………………………………..154.2.1桥壳的静弯曲应力计算……………………………………………..….....154.2.2在不平路面冲击载荷作用下的桥壳强度计算…………..………….........174.2.3汽车以最大牵引力行驶时的桥壳强度计算…………………….……......174.2.4汽车紧急制动时的桥壳强度计算…………………………………….......194.2.5汽车受最大侧向力时桥壳的强度计算……………………………..….…224.3本章小结…………………………………………………………………………..23ii第5章驱动桥壳几何模型的建立……………………………………………………….245.1Pro/E的简介………………………………………………………………………245.2几何模型的简化…………………………………………………………………..245.3驱动桥桥壳几何模型的建立……………………………………………………..255.4本章小结…………………………………………………………………………..27第6章驱动桥壳的有限元分析…………………………………………………………..286.1驱动桥壳的静力分析……………………………………………………………..286.1.1驱动桥桥壳静力分析的典型工况…………………………………………286.1.2载荷与约束的处理…………………………………………………………306.2各工况的ANSYS分析过程详述…………………………………………………316.3各个工况的ANSYS分析结果..............................................................................366.4驱动桥壳的模态分析……......................................................................................386.5驱动桥ANSYS分析过程详述…….......................................................................386.6驱动桥ANSYS分析结果…...................................................................................406.7本章小结……...........................................................................................................43结论……....................................................................................