名词与名词化结构

名词化（nominalization）名词化主要指表示动作或状态的抽象名词，或起名词作用的非谓语动词一般由动词派生，也包括由形容词加后缀-ability,-ity,-ness等构成的名词可分为四大类：动作名词、名词性动名词、动名词和不定式动作名词（actionnoun）anexaminationoftheobjectwithanordinarymicroscopethecombinationofhydrogenionswithchlorideionsinthesolutionRecoveryofdistillatesisalsoperformedinthevacuumunit.动词性名词（verbalnoun）theexaminingoftheobjectwithanordinarymicroscopethecombiningofhydrogenionswithchlorideionsinthesolutionTherecoveringofdistillatesisalsoperformedinthevacuumunit动名词（gerund）examiningtheobjectwithanordinarymicroscopehydrogenions’combiningwithchlorideionsinthesolutionRecoveringdistillatesisalsoperformedinthevacuumunit.不定式（infinitive）toexaminetheobjectwithordinarymicroscopeforhydrogenionstocombinewithchlorideionsinthesolutionThedistillatesneedtoberecoverednow.差异如果有逻辑主语，第一、二类名词的逻辑主语都跟在其后thecombinationofhydrogenionsthecombiningofhydrogenions第三、四类名词的逻辑主语提高前面分词用名词或代词的所有格作逻辑主语hydrogenions’combining不定式用for引出逻辑主语forhydrogenionstocombine差异动作名词actionn.动词性名词verbaln.动名词gerund不定式infinitiveexaminationcombinationtheexaminingthecombiningexaminingcombiningtoexaminetocombine动词性名词性名词化结构的用法1直接作句子的主语、宾语和表语名词化结构的用法2用介词连接－作介词宾语Byopeningthevalves11and12,residualgasfromtheadsorber2flowsintotheevacuatedadsorber1.Whilethevalves11and12areopened,名词化结构的用法2用介词连接－作介词宾语Themethodoftransfermetaltothework-piecedependsonthemagnitudeofthecurrent.themethodbywhichmetalstransferredtothework-piece名词化结构的用法2用介词连接－作介词宾语However,inthepresenceofair,surfaceoxidesmayformwithintheengine.ifairispresent名词化结构的用法3用中性动词（emptyword）过渡中性动词make,take,give,get,do,have等意义份量轻、接近中性动词的动词perform,achieve,obtain,carryout,establish,present等名词化结构的用法3用中性动词（emptyword）过渡主动语态：中性动词＋名词化结构＋介词短语Curvedrailsofferresistancetothemovementofthetrain.Curvedrailsresistthemovementofthetrain.offer只取句法作用，语义由名词化结构表示名词化结构的用法3用中性动词（emptyword）过渡被动语态：名词化结构（作主语）＋中性动词（被动语态）＋状语Tappingorremovingthemoltenironfromthefurnaceisdoneevery4or5hours.Themoltenironistappedorremovedfromthefurnaceevery4or5hours.名词化结构的用法Breakingupthelargermoleculesoftheheavierliquidsinthepetroleummixtureintothesmaller,lightermoleculesofgasolineiscarriedoutinhugerefinerytanksbycertainmaterialscalledcatalysts.AdetailedmodelofthephotodegradationwithTiO2ascatalystispresented.名词化结构的用法4与动词构成固定搭配动词(vt.)＋名词化结构动词(vi.)＋介词＋名词化结构名词化结构的用法4与动词构成固定搭配bearcomparisonwithbeararelationtocallattentiontocallintoactioncomeintocontactwithcomeintocollisionwithcometoperfectioncometoadecisiondrawadistinctionbetweenfindapplication(use)ingetintouchwithgetridof(from)giveeffecttogivecredittogooutofexistencehaveconsiderationforhaveanattractionforkeepintouchwithkeep…undercontrollayemphasisonmakeinfluenceonhaveadvantageofoverput(place)emphasison(upon)standcomparisonwithstandinneedoftakepossessionof