定语从句语法讲练

定语从句语法讲练外语组史琳星沙英语网［复习要点］定语从句属于修饰语成分，用来修饰名词或代词。引导定语从句的关联词是关系代词或关系副词。关系代词的使用：关系代词的使用首先取决于先行词是人还是物。它一方面用来引导定语从句，另一方面还在从句中充当一定的成分。先请看这张表：先行词种类在从句中所担任的成分做主语做宾语做表语做定语先行词为人时who/thatwho(m)/thatthatwhose先行词为物时which/thatwhich/thatthat/ofwhichwhose⑴关系代词在从句中做主语：例如：Thisisthemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou.这就是那个想见你的人。Thegirlswho/thatarecomingaremystudents.那些要来的孩子是我的学生。Shewasnotonthetrainwhich/thatarrivedjustnow.她不在刚到的那列火车上。说明：定语从句中谓语动词的人称和数与先行词一致。⑵关系代词在从句中做宾语，例如：Theboy(who/whom/that)Iknowstudiesbestintheirclass.我认识的那个孩子在他们班上学习最好。Aretheytheplayers(who/whom/that)youtalkedaboutyesterday?他们就是你昨天谈论的运动员吗？Thestory(which/that)hetoldwasveryinteresting.他讲的故事非常有趣。说明：关系代词在从句中做宾语时可以省略，尤其在口语中是如此。⑶关系代词在从句中做表语，例如：Shedecidedtobethewriter(that)hermotherwantedhertobe.她决定做她母亲希望她做的那样的作家。Thehouseisnottheone(that)itusedtobe.那座房子已经不是它过去那样了。说明：关系代词在从句中做表语时可以省略。⑷关系代词在从句中做名词的定语，例如：Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolen.他就是那个汽车被盗的人。Thehousewhose/ofwhichwindowsarebiglooksverybeautiful.那座窗户很大的房子外观很美。说明：指物时，通常避免用whose，而用ofwhich（尤其在正式场合中）。⑸在以下情况中，关系代词常用that，例如：①先行词为all,anything,everything,nothing,much,none,little等不定代词时。例如：Nothing(that)hesaidwastrueatall.他所说的话一点也不真实。Everyonethat/whoknowshimlikeshim.每一个认识他的人都喜欢他。②先行词前有first,last,next,only,all等修饰语时。例如：Theonlything(that)hedidwastocallthepolice.他所做的唯一的事情就是报警。Thefirstman(that)hementionedyesterdaywasadriver.他昨天提到的第一个人是一位驾驶员。③先行词前有形容词最高级形式修饰时。例如Hewasoneofthegreatestscientiststhateverlived.他是有史以来最伟大的科学家之一。Thatisthehighestmountain(that)hehaseverclimbed.那是他所攀登过的最高的山。关系副词的使用：定语从句也可以由关系副词引导。关系副词在定语从句中充当状语，常见的关系副词有where（表地点）、when（表时间）和why（表原因）。例如：thehousewherewelived我们住过的房子thedaywhenwefirstmet我们第一次见面的日子thereasonwhyhewaslate他迟到的原因现举例说明如下：⑴关系副词where（＝介词＋which）在从句中用作地点状语，其先行词通常是表示地点的名词，如house,school,city,village,place等。例如：Thebuildingwhere/inwhichweareworkingwasbuiltfiveyearsago.我们工作所在的大楼是五年前盖的。Thisistheplaygroundwhere/onwhichtheyplayedfootball.这就是他们踢足球的操场。⑵关系副词when（＝介词＋which）在从句中用作时间状语，其先行词通常是表示时间的名词，如day,year,lastnight等。例如：I’llneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichIwontheprize.我永远不会忘记我获奖的日子。Doyouremembertheyearwhen/inwhichshewentabroad?你记得她出国的那一年吗？⑶关系副词why（=forwhich）在从句中用作原因状语，它总是以thereason为先行词，thereasonwhy…意思是“……的原因”。例如：Tellmethereasonwhy/forwhichshewaslate.请告诉我她迟到的原因。GivemeonegoodreasonwhyIshouldhelpyou!请摆出一个我应该帮助你的正当理由！⑷在使用关系副词时，要特别注意它的前面是否有先行词。如果有先行词则是定语从句，如果没有先行词则是其它从句。请比较：Thatistheplacewherehewasborn.那是他出生的地方。Thatiswherehewasborn.那是他的出生地。（定语从句）（表语从句）下面我们来做练习：一.用关系代词填空.I、用that、which、who、whom、whose填空1.Thisistheman________wantstoseeyou.2.Thewoman_____________yousawisourgeographyteacher.3.Hereisthepen_________youlostthedaybeforeyesterday.4.Thisisthefactory________myfatherworked30yearsago.5.Thisisthefactory_____________Ivisited.whowho/whom/不填whichwhich/不填where6.Theboy______fatherisateacherisgoodatEnglish.whoseII.Fillintheblankswith“prep+whom/which”.1.Theteacher_________IlearntmostwasMrs.Zhu.2.Mathematicsisthesubject___________Iammostinterested.3.Thisisthequestion____________wehavehadadiscussion.4.Thisisthehouse____________Iwasborn.5.Isthatthegirl________________youlentyourbicycle?aboutwhominwhichaboutwhichinwhichtowhomIII.Fillintheblankswith“when、why”1.Idon’tknowthereason____hewaslatefortheclass.2.Abirthdayisthedate_____onewasborn.3.Doyouknowthereason____noonequestionedAristotle'stheoryforabout2,000years?whywhenwhy二、单项选择1.Idon’tknowthereason______shecried.A.inwhichB.whichC.thatD.why2.Idon’tknowthereason______shecried.A.inwhichB.whichC.thatD.why3.Wewenttovisitthehouse____Mr.Pengpailivedyesterday.A.whereB.inwhereC.thatD.which4.Thatisthewriter____alotofbookswerewritten.A.byWhomB.whoC.whoseD.whom