初三英语unit6-uni10

11Unit6IlikemusicthatIcandanceto定语从句在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，定语从句分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。在定语从句中，被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。引导定语从句的词叫关系词，关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。关系词放在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又代替先行词做从句的一个句子成分。1.关系代词关系代词有that、which、who/whom（who的宾格）和whose。⑴Who／whom指人，在从句中Who做主语和宾语，whom只做宾语,做宾语可以省略．TheboywhospeaksEnglishverywellisfromEngland.Theboywho/whom/that/-sheistalkingtoisherboyfriend.⑵which指物，在从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语可以省略．Thebuildingwhich/thatisnearthepostofficeisamiddleschool.Thebookthat/whichyoulenttomeyesterdaywasboughtbymymother.⑶that可指人⑷whose指人，也可指物，在句中做定语．MrGreenlivesinahousewhoseroofisred.2定语从句几注意：①只用that的情况：当先行词是或含有不定代词all,much,few,,something等，,或含有最高级,或含有序数词时,或被theonly,thesame,thelast修饰,或又有人又有物时，或句中已有who时为避免重复等情况，只能用thatAllthatLilytoldmeseemsuntrue.(Lily告诉我的话似乎不真实。)ThisisthebestfilmthatI’veeverseen。这是我看过的最好的影片。HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttotalkto.他是我想与之交流的唯一一个人。Theytalkedaboutthingsandpersonsthattheyremembered.他们谈起所记起的人和事。②只用which的情况:介词提前和非限定性定语从句中表示屋只用which.Thisisthebookaboutwhichwearetalkingnow.这就是我们正在谈论的那本书。Ihavelostmypen,whichIlikeverymuch.我丢失了我的钢笔，我非常喜欢它。③关系代词在从句中作主语时一般用who(指人)、that(指物),④当关系代词紧跟在介词后面时必须用which或whom,且不能省略．ThisistheroominwhichMissLioncelived.=ThisistheroomMissLioncelivedin.这是李小姐曾经居住过的房间。⑤当关系代词在从句中做主语时，从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致，Ilovemoviesthatareaboutmonsters.Heisoneofthestudentswhohelpme.定语从句与thestudents一致Heistheoneofthestudentswhohelpsme.定语从句与theone一致3．关系副词22关系副词where、when、和why引导定语从句时,它们在从句中分别作状语，表示时间、地点和原因。Thisistheroomwheretheyhadaquarrelaweekago.(这是一个星期前他们吵架的房间。)IcanneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstsawyou.(我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的日子。Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhefoughtwithJim.我不知道他Jim打架的原因。引导定语从句的关系副词，常可以转换成＂介词＋which＇形式．定语从句专项练习题1.Theywereinterested__________youtoldthem.A.inwhichB.inthatC.allthatD.ineverything2.Isthisthefactory__________youvisitedtheotherday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone3.Isthisfactory__________someforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone4.Isthisthefactory__________heworkedtenyearsago?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone5.Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplaces__________couldn’tbefound.A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.inthat6.Thereasonis__________heisunabletooperatethemachine.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.whether7.I’lltellyou__________hetoldmelastweek.A.allwhichB.thatC.allthatD.which8.We’retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist__________wereintheconcertlastnight.A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that9.Thegirl__________anEnglishsonginthenextroomisTom’ssister.A.whoissingingB.issingingC.sangD.wassinging10.Maythefourthistheday__________weChinesepeoplewillneverforget.A.whichB.whenC.onwhichD.aboutwhich把下列的简单句改为定语从句：1.Theteacherisgoodatplayingthepiano.Theteacherteachesusmusic.Theteacher_________________________________teachesuamusic.2.Ipaidforthebook.Ilostittwodaysago.Ipaidforthebook____________twodaysago.3.MrGreenistheperson.MrGreenwantstohelpus.MrGreenistheperson________________tohelpus.英译汉；１.那个著名的歌唱家居住的那栋楼相当漂亮．Thebuilding_____/_______thefamousactorlivesisquitebeautiful.２.我有一个高个子弟弟．Ihaveabrother_________istall３我有一位长头发妹妹．3.Ihaveasisiter__________hairislong.33知识讲解1.prefer的用法：prefer动词“更喜欢，更喜爱”过去式：preferred,prefer因其本身含有比较之意，而不可再与better、more或most连用。其用法：①prefer=likebetterIpreferred.=Ilikeredbetter.Whichdoyouprefer(likebetter),fishorbeef?②prefer…to…=like…betterthan…“宁愿做...而不做...”.Ipreferreadingtowriting=1IlikereadingbetterthanwritingIpreferteatomilk.我宁愿喝茶也不喝牛奶。③、prefer(not)todo“宁愿(不)做”。Iprefertogoatonce.我愿意马上就走。Iprefernottotalkthisquestionatthemoment.我现在宁愿不谈这个问题。④、prefersb.(not)todo“愿意某人(不)做”在意义上相当于wouldlikesb(not)todoIpreferyoutogoatonce.我倒希望你马上就走。⑤、prefer＋that从句“宁愿”（从句一般用虚拟语气）Ipreferthatyoushoulddoit.我宁愿你做这件事。◆不能说prefersthratherthansth⑥prefer后接不定式时与ratherthan或insteadof连用，prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.“宁愿做...而不做...”（Prefer＋动词不定式ratherthan+不带to的动词不定式）与preferdoingtodoing意思同，“比较喜欢…而不喜欢…”IprefertowatchTVratherthangoout.我宁愿呆在家里也不出去。Hepreferredtodieratherthan(to)steal.（Prefer＋动词不定式insteadof+动名词）=Heperferredtodieinsteadofstealing.他宁死也不去偷窃Iprefertoreadratherthanwrite＝Ipreferreadingtowriting=1Ilikereadingbetterthanwriting.注意介词搭配，Ipreferswimmingtoskating.＝Ilikeswimmingbetterthanskating.我喜欢游泳胜过滑冰。2.remind的用法：⑴.remindsbofsth“使某人想起某事”Thatfilmremindsmeofthewaryears.⑵.remindsbath“提醒某人某事”IfIforgetit,pleaseremindmeit.⑶.remindsbtodoath“提醒某人做某事”PleaseremindmetogotoMother’s90thbirthday.⑷.remindthat从句Iremindthedriverthatwehadn’tgotanypetrolleft.3.Itdoeshaveafewgoodfeather,though.在一般现在时态和一般过去时态中，用助动词“do/does/did+动词原形”来表示强调.44do用来强调肯定祈使句和主语为第一人称、第二人称和第三人称复数的一般现在时的肯定谓语。does用来强调主语为第三人称单数的一般现在时的肯定谓语。did可以用来强调一般过去时的肯定谓语。：①Docometomorrow!明天务必来！②Hedoeslike（likes）singing.他确实喜欢唱歌。③Hedidwork（wored）herelastyear.他去年确实在这里工作。4.WhateverWhatever连接代词，相当于“nomatterwhat”“无论，不管怎样”引导让步状语从句。Whateveryousay,Iwon’tbelieveyou.Keepcalm,whateverhappens.Whateverhedidwasright.Whateverdictionaryyouhave,lendittome.还有:whoever,wherever,whichever,等。5.＂a+序数词＋单数名词＂和＂the＋序数词＂a+序数词不表示顺序，强调“再／又一”aforthboy(又一个男孩）asecondtry(再一次尝试）We’lldoitasecondtime.我们得重做一次。（第二次做）the＋序数词，表示正常的顺序。Thisisthethirdbookheboughtformeasagift.(仅指所说的这一对象）Heboughtmeathirdbookasagiftlastweek.(不但指明了所买的是第三本书，而且强调买的书多）6.join,takepartin和joinin①join多指参加某组织，成为其中的一个成员。而tak