基于有限元分析的轿车铝合金车轮设计

本科学生毕业设计基于有限元分析的轿车铝合金车轮设计院系名称：汽车与交通工程学院专业班级：车辆工程07-1班学生姓名：沈维梁指导教师：石美玉职称：教授黑龙江工程学院二○一一年六月TheGraduationDesignforBachelor'sDegreeBasedonFiniteElementAnalysisDesignofCarAlloyWheelsCandidate：ShenWeiliangSpecialty：VehicleEngineeringClass：B07-1Supervisor：Prof.ShiMeiyuHeilongjiangInstituteofTechnology2011-06·HarbinI摘要轻量化是世界汽车工业发展的主要趋势，轻质材料铝及其合金等的使用是一种有效的途径。目前，大部分汽车车轮已使用铝及其合金做作为材料，利用现代设计方法，在此基础上进一步实现车轮的轻量化则是本文的研究所在。在研究了CAD软件Pro/E以及有限元分析软件ANSYS的功能及其主要特点后，着重进行了了应用ANSYS对铝合金车轮进行结构强度分析的具体过程。首先使用Pro/E软件，按照轮辋的国家标准，建构车轮的实体模型;然后把模型导入ANSYS，按2005年中国汽车行业标准中的汽车轻合金车轮的性能要求和实验方法所规定的疲劳实验要求施加荷载;然后进行强度分析和模态分析，分析结果表明，车轮的最大应力远小于铝合金的许用应力，车轮的固有频率满足要求，存在进一步改进的可能和必要。最后，改进车轮模型，改进结果表明，车轮的重量有了显著的减少。利用CAE分析技术有助于提高汽车车轮的设计水平、缩短设计周期、减少开发成本。该方法具有普遍性，适用于指导任何其言型号车轮的设计和分析。关键词：铝合金车轮；结构设计；有限元分析；强度分析；模态分析IIABSTRACTLightweightisthemaintrendsoftheworld'sautomotiveindustry,lightweightmaterialssuchastheuseofaluminumanditsalloysisaneffectiveway.Atpresent,mostautomotivealuminumanditsalloywheelshavebeenusedtodoasamaterial,usingmoderndesignmethods,basedonthefurtherrealizationofthislightweightwheelsistheInstituteofthisarticle.InthestudyoftheCADsoftwarePro/EandANSYSfiniteelementanalysissoftwarefunctionsandthemaincharacteristics,theEmphasiswastheapplicationofANSYS,thestructuralstrengthofaluminumalloywheelanalysisofthespecificprocess.First，usesthePro/Esoftware,accordingtotherimofthenationalstandards,buildingwheelsolidmodel;thenthemodelintoANSYS,by2005China'sautoindustrystandardinautomotivelight-alloywheelsandperformancerequirementsandtestmethodsunderthefatiguetestrequirementsdefinedloadandthenthestrengthanalysisandtheresultsshowedthatthewheelismuchlessthanthemaximumstressallowablestressofaluminumalloy,thereisfurtherimprovementpossibleandnecessary.Then,theimprovedwheelmodels,improvedresultsshowthattheweightofthewheelshavebeensignificantlyreduced.TheresultsshowthattheuseofCAEanalysistechnologyhelpsimprovethedesignofautomobilewheellevel,shortendesigncycles,reducedevelopmentcosts.Themethodisuniversal,applicabletoanyofhiswordsandmodelstoguidethedesignandanalysisofthewheel.Keywords:AluminumAlloyWheels;StructuralDesign;FiniteElementAnalysis;StrengthAnalysis;ModalAnalysisIII目录摘要..................................................................................................................IAbstract...............................................................................................................II第1章绪论.......................................................................................................11.1课题研究的目的意义.................................................................................................11.2铝合金车轮行业现状及发展趋势.............................................................................11.2.1铝合金车轮的发展及其现状...............................................................................11.2.2铝合金车轮的发展趋势.......................................................................................31.3国内外研究方法.........................................................................................................41.4主要研究内容.............................................................................................................5第2章车轮三维模型的建立..........................................................................62.1Pro/E软件基础...........................................................................................................62.2车轮Pro/E模型的建立...........................................................................................72.2.1车轮构造、种类及装配...................................................................................72.2.2车轮三维模型建立过程......................................................................................92.3本章小结..................................................................................................................15第3章车轮强度静态分析...........................................................................163.1ANSYS软件基础.....................................................................................................163.2Pro/E与ANSYS的接口创建..................................................................................173.3车轮几何模型的简化...............................................................................................183.4A356的材料特性.....................................................................................................183.5边界条件的处理.......................................................................................................183.6载荷的处理...............................................................................................................193.7车轮弯曲疲劳试验有限元模型..................................................错误!未定义书签。3.8静力分析结果及数据分析..........................................................错误!未定义书签。3.9本章小结......................................................................................错误!未定义书签。第4章车轮的模态分析.....................................................错误!未定义书签。4.1模态分析定义.............................................................................错误!未定义书签。4.2模态分析的步骤...........................