论王安石咏史诗的政治内涵和艺术特色

第8卷第2期2009年6月(社会科学版)JOURNALOFZHEJIANGUNIVERSITYOFTECHNOLOGY(SOCIALSCIENCE)Vo.l8No.2June2009:10064303(2009)020121061,2(1.,310023;2.,310005):王安石的咏史诗可分为史传咏怀史论三种类型,主要特点是以议论见长,基本上是围绕着两个主题展开选题议论:或借古人古事阐述政治主张,以咏史为政论,反驳守旧派对新法的攻击责难;或借咏史阐述在政治上进退出处的原则咏史诗是王安石在政治风浪中特立独行坚持新法反驳政敌的号角,也是他在逆境中传达幽曲表明心迹的自白:王安石;咏史诗;政治内涵;艺术特色:I206.2:A,,,,[1],,!∀(!∀),,,!∀,,,,,,,,,,!∀!∀:汉日落西南,中原一星黄群盗伺昏黑,联翩各飞扬武侯当此时,龙卧独摧藏掉头梁甫吟,羞与众争光邂逅得所从,幅巾起南阳崎岖巴汉间,屡以弱胜强晖晖若长庚,孤出照一方势欲起六龙,东回出扶桑惜哉沦中路,怨者为悲伤竖子祖余策,犹能走强梁,,;,,,;,,,,,!∀!∀:望夷宫中鹿为马,秦人半死长城下避世不独商山翁,亦有桃源种桃者此来种桃经几世,采花食实枝为薪儿孙生长与世隔,虽有父子无君臣渔郎漾舟迷远近,花间相见警相问世上那知古有秦,山中岂料今为晋闻道长安吹战尘,春风回首一沾巾重华一去宁复得,天下纷纷经几秦:20090105:(1977),,,,,()8!∀!∀,###,,!∀,,,,,,,!∀:!∀,,,,,,!∀!∀:,,!∀,,;,,,,!∀:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,!∀!∀:沉魄浮魂不可招,遗编一读想风标何妨举世嫌迂阔,故有斯人慰寂寥,,,,,,,!∀:,∃∃,():%,,,,&!∀!∀:,,:%,,&,,,,,,,,,,,!∀:,,,,,,,[2]!∀!∀:谋臣本自系安危,贱妾何能作祸基但愿君王诛宰嚭,不愁宫里有西施,,,,∋!∀!∀:百战疲劳壮士哀,中原一败势难回江东子弟今虽在,肯为君王卷土来,,,,,,!∀,,∋:!∀,,,1983,186(122(2,:,,,,,,!∀!∀:京房刘向各称忠,诏狱当时迹自穷毕竟论心异恭显,不妨迷国略相同,,,,,:,,,%&,!∀:,,:,?,,!∀!∀,!∀,!∀,,,,!∀,,,,,,,!∀,,,,:,;,,,,,,,,,?,!∀!∀:赐也能言未识真,误将心许汉阴人桔槔俯仰妨何事,抱瓮区区老此身!(∀,:,,!∀,,,,,,,!∀:旧中书南厅壁间,有晏元献题咏!上竿伎∀一诗云:百尺竿头袅袅身,足腾跟持骇旁人汉阴有叟君知否,抱瓮区区亦未贫当时固必有谓文潞公在枢府,尝一日过中书,与荆公行至题下,特迟留诵诗久之,亦未能无意也荆公它日复题篇于后,,,:,,,,,,,:%,,&;%,,,&;%&∃∃,,?!∀!∀,,!∀!∀,,,,;,,,,!∀,,!∀!∀:禹行掘山走百谷,蛟龙窜藏魑魅伏心志幽妖尚觊隙,以金铸鼎空九牧冶云赤天涨为黑,鞴风余吹山拔木鼎成聚观变怪索,夜人行歌鬼昼哭功施元元后无极,三姓卫守相传属弱周无人有宜出,沈之九幽折地轴始皇区区求不得,坐令神奸窥邑屋,,,(123(()8,,,,,,∋,,,!∀:(熙宁三年七月)他日,安石独对,又为上言:君子不肯与小人厮搅,所以与小人杂居者,特待人主觉悟有所判而已若终令君子与小人厮搅,则君子但有卷怀而已君子之仕,欲行其道,若以白首余年,只与小人厮搅,不知有何所望?,,,祐党籍碑来打击政敌,!宋∀:宋元祐党籍碑成于蔡氏父子,其意则王安石启之也安石尝作!曹社∀诗以寓意,谓神奸变化,自古难辨辨之而不疑者,惟鼎焉魑魅合谋,盖非一日,太丘之社,其亡也晚盖以喻新法异意之人,将为宋室之祸也其后门生子婿相继得政,果铸宝鼎!∀,,,),,!∀!∀:神物登天扰可骑,如何孔甲但能羁当时若更无刘累,龙意茫然岂得知!(∀,,,;,,,,;,,,,!∀:,;,!∀!∀!∀:一时谋议尽施行,谁道君王薄贾生爵位自高言尽废,古来何啻万公卿!∀::%&:%,,,,&,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,!∀:明妃初出汉宫时,泪湿春风鬓角垂低回顾影无颜色,尚得君王不自持归来却怪丹青手,入眼平生未曾有仪态由来画不成,当时枉杀毛延寿一去心知更不回,可怜著尽汉宫衣寄声欲问塞南事,只有年年鸿雁飞家人万里传消息,好在毡城莫相忆君不见咫尺长门闭阿∋,!∀,199812),!∀,2006(124(2,:娇,人生失意无南北明妃初嫁与胡儿,毡车百辆皆胡姬含情欲说独无处,传于琵琶心自知黄金捍拨春风手,弹看飞鸿劝胡酒汉宫侍女暗垂泪,沙上行人却回首汉恩自浅胡自深,人生乐在相知心可怜青冢已芜没,尚有哀弦留至今,,,!∀,,,,,,###,,!∀:,,,,,,,,,,,,,!∀,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,[3],,,,[4],,,,,,,,,,,?,!∀!∀!∀,,:,,,,,[5],,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,!∀!∀,,,,,(125(()8,,,,,,,,,,,:[1].[M].:,1983.[2],.[M].:,1998.[3].[M].:,1979.[4].[M].:,1981.[5]鰲.杜诗详注[M].北京:中华书局,1979.OnPoliticalConnotationandArtCharacteristicsofWangAnShi&sPoemsonHistoryLIUChengguo1,LIMei2(1.CollegeofHumanities,ZhejiangUniversityofTechnology,Hangzhou310023,China;2.ZhejiangAncientBooksPublishingHouse,Hangzhou310005,China)Abstract:WangAnShi&spoemsonhistorycanbesummarizedintothreestylescharacterizedbybeinggoodatcriticizingandquarrelingabouthistoricalmen.ThesepoemsreflectWangAnShi&sfeelingsforpoliticalreforms.Theycanberegardednotonlyasperfectpoems,butalsoastheweaponsandarmstohispoliticalenemies.Keywords:WangAnSh;ipoemsonhistory;politicalconnotation;artcharacteristics(:王惠芳)(126(