新概念英语第三册笔记第40课

第1页Lesson40Who'swho真假难辨Newwordsandexpression生词和短语hoax[həʊks]n.骗局，戏弄（v.捉弄，欺骗）（小孩说“狼来了”）（Afalsewarningofdanger,mischievoustrickplayedonsbforajoke）playahoax/trickonsb.戏弄playajokeonsb.开玩笑Theboystudentisthinkinghowtoplayahoaxonhisclassmate.abombhoax声称有炸弹的骗局hoaxcall:atelephonecallthatgivesfalseinformation电话骗局eg.Dickey’sprivatecollectionofmodernpaintingswasnothingbutahoax.coax[kəʊks]v.(耐心地)说服（vt.哄；哄诱；慢慢将…弄好vi.哄骗；劝诱）（topersuadesbtodosththatoneisnotwillingtodobytalkingtohiminakind,gentle,andpatientway）coaxsbintodoingsthcoaxsboutofdoingstheg.Themothercoaxedthebabyintoasoundsleep.fooln/v（n.傻瓜，愚人vt.欺骗，愚弄，戏弄vi.开玩笑，犯傻）makeafoolofsb愚弄某人，欺骗某人eg.Heisnofool.eg.Theirstrongaccentcouldn’tfoolanativespeaker.当地人一听就知道他们是外地的。trickn./v.1)戏法，把戏，圈套magictrick魔术2）诡计，圈套，恶作剧playatrickonsb对某人搞恶作剧adirtytrick/arottentrick恶意的玩笑tricksbintodoingsth骗，坑（todeceivesomeoneinordertogetsthfromhimortomakehimdosth）eg.Mumtrickedmeintotakingthemedicine.tricksboutofstheg.Thecorporationwastrickedoutof$20million.deception[dɪ'sepʃ(ə)n]n.欺骗，骗局（指无关紧要的欺骗，有时也指利已的不诚实行为）Shereferredtothepillsassweet,sotheharmlessdeceptionmadeiteasyforherchildtotakethem.deceit[dɪ'si:t]强调一个人对另一个的故意欺骗（指歪曲实情，惯于说谎或蓄意欺骗。）Weareincapableofdeceit.fraud一般用于犯罪行为的欺骗，通常指政治或经济活动中的舞弊行为。trickery语气上比deception严厉，着重指有步骤的诡计以追求私利Hehadgainedcontrolofthecompanybytrickery.deceive[dɪ'si:v]v.欺骗；行骗deceive表示隐瞒真相或以假相骗人。如：Theboydeceivedtheteacherbylying.cheat欺骗，常用词，主要指为了自己的利益欺骗人。trick哄骗，表示耍手段进行欺骗，强调在行骗时使用计策，有时也指并非出于恶意的欺骗。如：Tomcleverlytrickedhismotherintoapproval.self-respectinga.自重的self-taughtadj.自学的self-confidence自信←→self-distrust不自信eg.Worry,fear,self-distrust忧虑，恐惧和不自信第2页self-reliant[rɪ'laɪənt]adj.自力的reliant依赖的;依靠的（rely的形容词）bereliantonreliableadj.可靠的；可信赖的self-contained独立自足的（donotneedhelporresourcesfromoutside.）；设施独立的（独门独户的指毋须与他人共享厨房、厕所等)）注意：独立自主是independentaself-containedflat独立的公寓self-sacrifice自我牺牲indulge[ɪn'dʌldʒ]v.使沉迷（toletyourselfdoorhavesththatyouenjoy,especiallysththatisconsideredbadforyou）（1、做某事或者于某物，2、引出对象的介词用in）indulgeoneselfin尽情享用，沉溺于==beindulgedinHewasindulgedinsmokinganddrinking.Heindulgedhimselfinsmokinganddrinking.indulge的第二个语义是“纵容”“迁就”(spoil)（中国话惯孩子）Sheindulgesheronlyson.abandononeselftosth放纵，放肆，尽情（tofeelanemotionsostronglythatyouletitcontrolyoucompletely）eg.Heabandonhimselftogrief他不胜悲痛。（恣意，忘情）abandononeselftoalcohol酗酒taketosb/taketodoingsthattendto照看，照料1)likesb/doingsth开始喜欢上…eg.Hetooktoheratthefirstsight.2)tostartdoingsthasahabit开始有…习惯，开始上瘾eg.Allthisbadnewsisenoughtomakehimtaketodrinking.就这个坏消息足以让他借酒消愁。eg.Ihavetakentogettingupat6andgoingjogging.pneumatic[nju:'mætɪk]a.气动的（2、充气的）（workedordrivenbycompressedair）pneumaticdrill风钻pneumatictires充气轮胎pneumaticpump气泵pneumaticbrake空气制动器;电动气动制动器;气闸;气刹pneumonia[nju:'məʊnɪə]肺炎atypicalpneumonia[eɪ'tɪpɪk(ə)l;æ-]非典型的drilln.钻（n.训练；钻孔机；钻子；播种机；演习(操练)vi.钻孔，钻探；训练vt.钻孔；训练；条播）drill侧重进行有系统的，严格和重复的练习（消防演习afiredrill军事演习amilitarydrill）training普通用词，泛指为从事某种职业而进行的身体或智力方面的训练。practice指把所学的理论或知识用于实践以获得技艺与技巧。exercise主要指为强壮体魄而进行的锻炼，也可指进行练习以保持已经获得的技巧。pneumaticdrill气钻参考水钻（高压水枪，金属可以切割）广泛用应用于家电制造，房屋装修，汽车船舶制造，航空航天工业制造及维修行业，功率大,无火花,在高瓦斯矿井中，尤其能体现其安全性。sillya.无意义的，无聊的1)notsensible愚昧的，愚蠢的，不明智的asillythingtodo做了一件蠢事，说了一句蠢话/asillythingtosayeg.Ileftmykeysathome,whichwasaprettysillythingtodo.2)无聊的，没有意义的playasillyjokeonsb同某人开无聊的玩笑3)notpractical不实用的foolish强调愚蠢的，笨的，不明智的Iremonstratedhimnottodoanythingfoolish.第3页Silly表示无意义的，无聊的，无知的Beingcalledsillyisnotcompliment.Don'tplaysuchasillyplay.stupid强调人及言行缺乏良好的判断力，及一般的智能（主要指天生迟钝）Hissonisasstupidasall.dull指理解迟钝，或健康状况不佳、工作过度而导致的缺乏敏锐的头脑Theoldman'shearinghasbecomedull.Sheisadullgirl.表示人很呆advancea.n.预先的，事先获得的advanceinformation预先获得的信息/inadvance提前v./n./adj.1)tomoveforward向前eg.Thetroopsadvancedontheenemy.部队朝敌军开进。2)todevelopandimprove发展，提升eg.Amonthhaspassedandtheinvestigationhasnotadvanced.一个月过去了,调查毫无进展。3)givesomeonemoneybeforetheyhaveearnedit预支（薪水）eg.Hebeggedhisbosstoadvancehimasalaryforamonth.inadvance;before,beforehandbookatableinadvanceaheadoftime/aheadofschedule提前(earlierthanplanned)makepreparationsinadvance预先做好准备/makepreparationsinanticipationadvanceadj.givenormadeinadvanceadvanceplanning预先计划advancewarning预先警告advancebooking预定advancepayment预付款advanceinformation事先通报advancetroops先头部队anadvanceagent先遣人员，打前站的advancedadj.高深的，先进的advancedweapon先进的advancedinyears上年纪（长的着急，在年龄上处于领先地位）archway['ɑ:tʃweɪ]n.拱形门楼arcaden.有拱廊的街道（两旁常设商店）[ɑ:r’keɪd]本意是：拱廊，连拱廊==有拱廊的街道==商场，游乐中心;arc[ɑ:rk](几何)弧；弧（度/型）;天穹;电弧，弧光。vi作弧形运动；呈弧形；形成电弧TheAleutianchainisalongarcofislandsintheNorthPacific[ə’lu:ʃən]remonstrate['remənstreɪt]v.规劝，告戒（非常正式的用词）remonstratesb.todosth.remonstratewithsbabout/on/upon/overstheg.Hisparentsremonstratedwithhimabouthisbadhabits.eg.Thepoliceremonstratedwiththecarelessdriverwhowon’tlistentoreason.demonstratev.1)toshowsthclearlybygivingproofsorexamples证明eg.Recentfindingsclearlydemonstratedthatcalendarscameintobeingwiththeadventofagriculture.2)tomarchthroughthestreetswithalargegroupofpeopleinordertoprotestagainststhopenly游行示威demonstrateagainst游行反抗eg.LargecrowdsdemonstratedoutsidetheAmericanembassyagainstracialdiscrimination.illustratev.（用实物，例子，图片）阐明，解释，表明;显示（tobeanexamplewhichshowsthats