圣经常识简介

HolyBible西藏大学旅游与外语学院：吴立东WhatistheBible?•TheBibleisthecentralreligioustextofJudaismandChristianity.TheexactcompositionoftheBibleisdependentonthereligioustraditionsofspecificdenominations.•ThewordbibleisfromLatinbiblia,tracedfromthesamewordthroughMedievalLatinandLateLatin,asusedinthephrasebibliasacra(holybook-IntheLatinoftheMiddleAges)HebrewBible•HebrewinthetermHebrewBiblereferstotheoriginallanguageofthebooks.•ManycontemporarysecularbiblicalscholarsdatetheoriginoftheHebrewBibletothePersianperiod(539to334BCE).11thcenturymanuscriptoftheHebrewBibleHebrewBible•Genesis•Exodus•Leviticus•Numbers•Deuteronomy•Joshua•Judges•Ruth•1Samuel•2Samuel•1Kings•2Kings•1Chronicles•2Chronicles•Ezra•Obadiah•Jonah•Micah•Nahum•Habakkuk•Nehemiah•Esther•Job•Psalms•Proverbs•Ecclesiastes•SongofSolomon•Isaiah•Jeremiah•Lamentations•Ezekiel•Daniel•Hosea•Joel•Amos•Zephaniah•Haggai•Zechariah•MalachiTheSkeletonofThisPresentation▲WhowrotetheBible?▲When?▲VersionsoftheBible－EnglishBibletranslations†AuthorizedKingJamesVersion(KJVorAV)†NewKingJamesVersion(NKJV)†NewInternationalVersion(NIV)†Today'sNewInternationalVersion(TNIV)▲ThecontentsoftheBible.†THEBOOKSOFTHEOLDTESTAMENT•TheCreationoftheWorld---Genesis•Noah’sArk†THEBOOKSOFTHENEWTESTAMENT•JesusChrist•Paul▲ScienceandtheBibleWhoWroteTheBible?ALetterfromGodTheBibleisGod’slettertohumanitycollectedinto66bookswrittenby40divinelyinspiredwriters.Thesewriterscomefromallwalksoflife(i.e.,kingstofishermen)andspansoveraperiodof1,500yearsormore.Theseclaimsmayseemdramatic(orunrealistictosome),butacarefulandhoneststudyofthebiblicalscriptureswillshowthemtobetrue.•TheBibleitselftellsusthatitisGodwhoistheauthorofHisbook.•ThedesignoftheBibleitselfisamiracle.Writtenovermorethan1,500yearsbyvastlydifferentwriters,yeteverybookintheBibleisconsistentinitsmessage.These66bookstalkabouthistory,prophecy,poetry,andtheology.Despitetheircomplexity,differencesinwritingstylesandvasttimeperiods,thebooksoftheBibleagreemiraculouslywellintheme,factsandcross-referencing.Nohumanbeingscouldhaveplannedsuchanintricatecombinationofbooksovera1,500-yeartimespan.TheBibleexistsinmultiplemanuscripts,noneofthemoriginal,andmultiplecanons,noneofwhichcompletelyagreeonwhichbookshaveauthority.•Infact,wehavesomeauthorslikeKingofDavid,Solomon,Matthew,Mark,Luke,JohnandPaul.TheyarealsonamesofsomebooksintheBible.VersionsoftheBible－EnglishBibletranslations†AuthorizedKingJamesVersion(KJVorAV)†NewKingJamesVersion(NKJV)†NewInternationalVersion(NIV)†Today'sNewInternationalVersion(TNIV)AuthorizedKingJamesVersion(KJVorAV)•theAuthorizedVersionwastranslatedprimarilyfromGreek,HebrewandAramaictexts.•TheAuthorizedKingJamesVersionisanEnglishtranslationoftheChristianBibleconceivedin1604andbroughttofruitionin1611bytheChurchofEngland.•ThefirstauthorizedversionwastheGreatBiblecommissionedbytheChurchofEnglandinthereignofKingHenryVIII.•TheAuthorizedVersionmaintaineditseffectivedominancethroughoutthefirsthalfofthe20thCentury.Newtranslationsinthesecondhalfofthe20thCenturyappeared.NewKingJamesVersion(NKJV)•TheNewKingJamesVersion(NKJV)isamoderntranslationoftheBiblepublishedbyThomasNelson,Inc.•TheaimofitstranslatorswastoupdatethevocabularyandgrammaroftheKingJamesVersion,whilepreservingtheclassicstyleandbeautyofthe1611version.NewInternationalVersion(NIV)•TheNewInternationalVersionisanEnglishtranslationoftheChristianBible,itbecameoneofthemostpopularmoderntranslationsmadeinthetwentiethcentury.Today'sNewInternationalVersion(TNIV)•TheTNIVisanewtranslationbasedontheNIV.•TheTNIVNewTestamentwaspublishedinMarch2002.•ThecompleteBiblewaspublishedinFebruary2005.ListofEnglishBibletranslationsCompleteBiblesAmericanStandardVersionModernEnglish1901MasoreticText,TextusReceptusAmericanKingJamesVersionModernEnglish1999RevisionoftheKingJamesVersionAmplifiedBibleModernEnglish1965RevisionoftheAmericanStandardVersionAnAmericanTranslationModernEnglish1935MasoreticText,variousGreektexts.AnAmericanTranslationModernEnglish1976MasoreticText,variousGreektexts.Analytical-LiteralTranslationModernEnglish2001FromtheoriginalHebrewandAramaic,andtheMajorityText.ArtScrollTanakh(OldTestament)ModernEnglish1996MasoreticTextBerkeleyVersionModernEnglish1958BibleinBasicEnglishModernEnglish1949TheBibleinLivingEnglishModernEnglish1972Bishops'BibleEarlyModernEnglish1568MasoreticText,TextusReceptusChildren'sKingJamesVersionModernEnglish1962RevisionoftheKingJamesVersion.ChristianCommunityBible,EnglishversionModernEnglish1986HebrewandGreekClearWordBibleModernEnglish1994CompleteJewishBibleModernEnglish1998ParaphraseoftheJewishPublicationSocietyofAmericaVersion(OldTestament).ContemporaryEnglishVersionModernEnglish1995ConcordantLiteralVersionModernEnglishThewholeGreekvocabularywasanalyzedandtranslated,usingastandardEnglishequivalentforeachGreekelement.AConservativeVersionModernEnglish2005CoverdaleBibleEarlyModernEnglish1535MasoreticTextDarbyBibleModernEnglish1890MasoreticText,TextusReceptusDouay-RheimsBibleEarlyModernEnglish1582(NewTestament)1609–1610(OldTestament)Latin,GreekandHebrewmanuscriptsDouay-RheimsBible(ChallonerRevision)