平均间隙法变形监测基准点稳定性分析

平均间隙法在变形监测基准点稳定性分析中的应用摘要变形监测是一种监测变形体安全性的重要手段,因此确定变形体的稳定性就尤为重要。对高层建筑物实施变形监测，首要的问题就是要保证基准网的稳定，在变形监测点位稳定性分析中，平均间隙法是一种常用的方法，特别是在垂直位移监测网的稳定性分析中，其应用更为普遍。本文介绍了变形监测一些相关的基础知识并结合某一水准监测网利用平均间隙法及其F分布整体检验法进行点位稳定性检验，进而确定变形模型，结果达到了设计要求。验证了该方法是行之有效的，且效果良好。关键词：变形监测;基准点;稳定性检验;平均间隙法;ThemethodofmeangapinthereferencepointtomonitortheStabilityofthedeformationmonitoringABSTRACTDeformationmonitoringisabodytomonitorthedeformationofanimportantmeansofsecurity,sotodeterminethestabilityofdeformedontheparticularlyimportant.OnDeformationMonitoringtheimplementationofhigh-risebuildings,themostimportantissueistoensurethestabilityofthebaselinenetwork,deformationmonitoringpointsinthestabilityanalysis,theaveragegapmethodisacommonlyusedmethod,especiallyintheverticaldisplacementofthestabilityanalysisofnetworkinitsapplicationbecomemorepopular.ThisarticledescribessomeofthedeformationmonitoringofthebasicknowledgerelatedtoacertainstandardincombinationwithmonitoringtheuseoftheaveragegapmethodanditsdistributionoftheoverallFtestforthestabilityoftestpoints,whichdeterminethedeformationmodel,theresultsmetthedesignrequirements.Validationofthemethodisawell-establishedandwell.[keywords]:Deformationmonitoring;Datummark;Testforstability;Themethodofmeangap;目录绪论··································································································11.变形监测的概述···············································································21.1变形监测研究的对象，内容，目的和意义·······································21.1.1变形监测的对象································································21.1.2变形监测的内容································································21.1.3变形监测的目的································································31.1.4变形监测的意义································································31.2变形监测的特点和方法·······························································31.2.1变形监测的特点································································31.2.2变形监测的方法································································41.2.3变形监测的方案设计··························································51.3变形监测发展现状和趋势····························································61.3.1变形监测发展现状的技术概括··············································61.3.2变形监测发展趋势的展现····················································62.变形监测网稳定性分析及方法····························································72.1变形监测网的分类和概述····························································72.1.1绝对网的基本概念·····························································72.1.2相对网的基本概念·····························································82.2监测网的参考系········································································82.2.1参考系的方程···································································82.2.2秩亏自由网平差与拟稳平差参考系的特点·······························92.2.3参考系的选择对位移计算的影响··········································112.3平均间隙法·············································································112.3.1平均间隙法的概念····························································112.3.2平均间隙法的原理····························································122.4变形检验灵敏度的分析······························································143.实例分析处理················································································163.1基准点稳定性分析的必要性························································163.2问题的提出·············································································163.3分析方法················································································163.4灵敏度的分析··········································································163.5实例分析及数据的处理······························································17结论·································································································22致谢······························································································23参考文献···························································································24东华理工大学毕业设计（论文）绪论1绪论变形是自然界普遍存在的现象。各种荷载作用于变形体，使其形状，大小及位置在时间域或空间域发生变化均为变形。变形监测则是对设置在变形体上的观测点进行周期性的重复观测，求得观测点各周期相对于首期的点位或高程的变化量。所以变形监测是一种监测变形体安全性的重要手段。它是通过实时获取变形体的动态位移信息，根据这些信息预警变形体安危状况。变形监测具有实时性，事前性，可靠性三个基本属性。变形监测最终的结果就是监视变形体的安全，研究其变形的过程,提供和积累可靠有用的资料。在变形监测网的观测工作中,无论垂直位移观测还是水平位移观测，都是力求使基准点保持稳定不动,即使不能全部不动,也至少应有一组是稳定不动的，以作为改正变形点的依据。但在测量实践中，基准点的选定是一个难点，首先基准点距离测量仪器或变形点不能太远,否则影响测量精度。同时，基准点距离测量仪器或变形点不能太近，否则其稳定性难以保证。基准网的稳定性是一个相对的概念，因为受到周围环境的影响，基准点有时也会产生位移。同时，在多期观测中，由于变形监测时间长，稳定点很容易被破坏。例如：大坝变形网中监测垂直位移和水平位移的基准点，由于大坝及测网的复杂性，使其受周期性水位的影响，随坝体的移动而产生变形；埋在地表土层地区的水准基准点，也可能因为气温冷热不均，土层热胀冷缩影响而产生周期性升降和位移。所以变形监测网的网型也会随之发生变化。本文提出用平均间隙法来判断点的稳定性，确定变形模型。因此，对基准点的稳定性分析，是变形观测数据处理时不可忽视的重要内容。东华理工大学毕业设计（论文）变形监测的概述21.变形监测的概述1.1变形监测研究的对象，内容，目的和意义变形监测就是利用专用的仪器和方法对变形体的变形现象进行持续观测、对变形体变形性态进行分析和变形体变形的发展态势进行预测等的各项工作。确切的说也就是确定在各种荷载和外力作用下，变形体的形状、大小、及位置变化的空间状态和时间特征。1.1.1变形监测的对象根据变形体的研究范围，可以将变形监测的研究对象划分为以下三种。(1)全球性变形研究：如监测全球扳块的运动，地极的运动，地球自转速率的变化，地潮等。(2)区域性变形研究：如监测地壳形变，城市地面沉降等。(3)工程和局部变形研究：如监测工程建筑物的三维变形，滑坡体的滑动，地下开采所引起的地表移动和下沉等。1.1.2变形监测的内容变形监测的主