10英国节日和运动

Britishsports,festivalsandholidaysSportsHavingadrinkatthelocalpub,goingforawalkinthecountry,workinginthegardenorwatchingsportsonTV---theseareallwaysinwhichmanyBritishpeopleliketorelaxonweekends.SuchactivitiesaredeeplyrootedintheBritishexperienceovercenturies,andtellusabouthowmodernBritsliketospendtheirfreetime.Buttheseactivitiesarenotjustrecentinventions.Goingtoapublichouseforaglassofale（麦芽酒）,workingthelandorgoingtowatchaballgamewerefamiliaractivitiesinShakespeare’stime.Inthepast,Britainwasamainlyagriculturalsociety,butalsoaveryreligioussocietyandtheinfluenceoftheChristianChurchonpeople’sliveswasverygreat.OneobviousexampleishowSunday---thedayoftheweekwheneveryonetraditionallywenttoChurch---isstillthedaythatmostpeoplehaveoffintheUK.IntherecentyearsthegovernmenthaschangedthelawsandnowsomeshopsandpubsareallowedtoopenonSundays,butsuchchangesareveryrecentandverycontroversial.EatingCulture•TraditionalFood•Puddings/Desserts•Meals•AfternoonTea•Drinks•Cheeses•PiesTraditionalFoodChickenSaladSaladRoastLamb•BritishNationalenjoydrinkingacupoftea.•ThemajorityofBritishpeopleliketodrinkstrongtea,buttoaddmuchmilk.•Milk+tea=奶茶Afternoontea(4o’clocktea)Puddings/Desserts•AppleandPlumCrumblewithcustard(奶冻)苹果和李子布丁•Pudding:布丁=奶冻，广义来说泛指由浆状的材料凝固成固体状的食品EatingHabit•Thingsyoushouldn’tdo:•Neverlickorputyourknifeinyourmouth•Neverchewwithyourmouthopen•Nevertalkwithfoodinyourmouth•Neveruseyourfingerstopushfoodontoyourspoonorfolk•Nevertakefoodfromyourneighbour’splate•Thingsyoushoulddo:•Alwayssaythankyouwhenservedsomething•AlwayschewandswallowallthefoodinyourmouthThemostcommonfree-timeactivityoutsidethehomeamongadultsisgoingtothepub.WhydotheBritishlikegoingtothepub?(p142梅仁毅主编《英语国家的社会与文化》）Oneofthemainreasonsisthatpuboffersagoodatmospheretorelax.Friendlyconversationwithstrangersisconsideredappropriate.Beeristheperfectdrinkforthepub.Manypubsalsoservefood,snacksormeals.Britishpeoplealsoenjoythepubgames,suchasdarts,skittles九柱游戏,snooker彩色台球,barbilliards小型桌球andsoon.•InBritain:1.Over¾oftheadultsgotopubs2.PubisaneasyandcheapwaytojointheBritishsocietyandgettoknowBritishcultureWherearethepubsInChina?---mainlyinsmallorbigcities--aexpensive•TheEnglisharepassionateloversofcompetitivesports,andwhentheyareneitherplayingnorwatchinggamestheyliketotalkaboutthem.•Ofallsportingactivities,walkingisthemostpopularformenandwomenofallages.Womengenerallypreferswimming,keep-fitclassesandyoga.sports•Whatsports......?•Cricket•cricket,football,golfandtennisarethemoresocialadultgamesPopularsportsinBritain•TherearemanypopularsportsinBritain,suchas:football,tennis,cricket,golf,horsingracing,hunting,equestrianism,fishing.FootballTherearelegendsthatsuggestthatgameslikefootballandrugbyactuallyderivedfromthe“sport”ofancientwarriorscelebratingvictorybykickingaroundthedecapitatedheadofanenemy.Thereisasimilartaleaboutoriginsofbowling:it’ssaidthatinancienttimes,Scottishwarriorsrolledtheskullsoftheirenemiesalongthegrassforsport.OnewriterduringtheeraofRenaissanceoncedescribedfootballas:“nothingbutbeastlyfuryandextremeviolence”.Today,violenceisstillassociatedwithfootball.“Footballhooligans”,supportersofrivalteams,sometimesclashesbefore,duringandaftermatchesandoccasionallyrunriotthroughthetown.•“FA”referstotheFootballAssociation.theFACupisthetrophytitleforaseriesofgamesplayedbymajormemberteamsoftheFootballAssociation.Over20millionticketsaresoldtoFAgameseachseason.TheFAandtheFACupTennisAmoregentlesportthatisasuresignthatsummerhasarrivedisthepopulargameoftennis.TenniswasinventedinBritainanditowesitsorigins,literally,tothechurch.WimbledonisasuburbinLondon.Itistheplacewheretheworld’sbestplayersgathertocompleteintheannualinternationaltennischampionship.ItisoneofthemajoreventsoftheBritishsportingcalendarandprobablythemostfamoustenniseventintheworld.Therearealotofothersocialactivitiesassociatedwith“Wimbledonfortnight”.Cricket•CricketwasoneofthefirstteamsportsinBritaintohaveorganizedrulesandtobeplayedaccordingtothedamerulesnationally.BeforetheVictorianera,andinmodernBritain,peoplefromallwalksoflifeplaycricket,butinthe19thcentury,cricketbecameasportassociatedwiththeupperclass.Itwasakindof“snob”gameplayedbyboyswhoattendedpublicschools.•Cricketmatchesusuallydonotlastjustafewhours.Theycangoonfordays.GolfThegameofgolfwasinventedbytheScottishandtodayavidgolfersaroundtheworlddreamofplayingonthefamousandancientgolfcourseatStAndrews,notfarfromEdinburgh.HorseRacingThetruesportofBritishkingsisnotskiingorgolfing,buthorseracing.Therearetwokindsofhorseracing:flatracingandsteeplechase.TheGrandNationalistheworld’smostfamoussteeplechase.Establishedin1837,inrecentyearstheGrandNationalhasbecomeincreasinglycontroversialbecauseofthedangersinvolved.•Everyyearsomehorses(andriderstoo)canbeinjuredintryingtonegotiateajumpforexample.Badlyhurthorsesareusuallyshot,andanimalloversfinditunacceptablethatanimalsshouldbehurtandkilledjustforourenjoyment.NowtheGrandNationalcoursesisdesignedtobedifficultenoughtobeexciting,butnotsodifficultastocauseseriousinjuries.•6.TheRoyalAscot皇家阿斯科特赛马会•Itisthebiggestsocialeventassociatedwithhor