牛津深圳版初一下学期英语知识点总结

1ChapterOneTravel一．课文重点词语与短语plan计划plantodosth.计划去做某事offer提供offersb.sth.=offersth.tosb.provide提供providesthforsb=providesbwithsthshop购物shopforsth=buysthWhynotdosth?=Whydon’tyoudosth为什么不做…usedtodosth过去常常做某事be/getusedtodoingsth习惯于做某事thesameas…和…一样befamousforsth=bewell-knowforsth以…闻名befamousas作为…而著名helpsb（to）dosth帮助某人做某事helpsbwithsth帮助某人做某事oneof+可数名词复数…之一，其中之一二．语法：冠词a,an,与the的用法★不定冠词a/an的用法主要有：1．泛指表示某一个，用于可数名词单数前。如：Weneedarenttolivein.2．与可数名词单数连用，表示类别。如：1)I'mastudent.(是学生而不是其他人。)2)Anelephantismuchbiggerthanatiger.3．在某些词组中，代替介词per，作“每一”讲。如：twiceaday,5dollarsakiloIplaycomputergamesonceaweek.注意:a/an的区别a用在辅音开头的单词前：acat,ausefulbookan用在元音发音的单词前：anEnglishbook,aninterestingstory,anhonestboy,animportantparty,anuglyman…★定冠词the的用法主要有：1.表示特指某人或某物。如：Thenotebookonthedeskismine.BeijingisthecapitalofChina.2.表示上文提过的人或事物。如：Thereisacatunderthechair.Thecatisblackandwhite.3.表示世界上独一无二的东西。如：theearth,thesun…4.用于说话双方都知道的名词前。如：Let'sgoforapicnic,shallwe?25.用在作定语的序数词前。如：Sheisalwaysthefirstpersontocomeandthelastonetoleave.6.用在形容词前表示一类人。如：therich,theold,thesick,thedeaf…7.用在乐器名称前。如：playtheviolin(guitar,piano…)8.用在表示“姓”的复数名词前，表示一家人或夫妇二人。如：TheWhitesareontheirholidayinCanada.9.用在由普通名词构成表示场所的专有名词前。如：thePeople'sPark,theGoldenGateBridge10．在最高级、序数词及next，last，same等词前常用定冠词。如：Thelastoneisthemostimportantone.★不用冠词的情况(零冠词的用法)主要有：1.在物质名词或抽象名词前。如：Waterandairareimportanttous.Wisdomisbetterthanstrength.2.名词前面已有作定语用的this,that,these,those,my,your,some,any等代词的情况下。如：Iwantthiscar,notthatcar.Thereissomewaterinthecup.3.在季节、月份、日期、星期、节日前。如：Therearefourseasons:spring,summer,autumnandwinter.SchoolbeginsonSeptember1.March8thisWomen'sDay.特例：1)中国的传统节日要加the。如：theSpringFestival4.在一日三餐、球类运动和学科名词前。如：Ihavebreakfastatsixinthemorning.Theyplayfootballeveryday.Hepreferssciencetophysics.特例：当表示三餐的名词前有定语修饰时，要加不定冠词。如：Theyhadagooddinneryesterday.5.在学科前不加冠词。如：Iamgoodatmathsandhistory.6.在“专有名词+普通名词”构成的表示街道、广场、公园、桥梁等名词前；国名和地名人名前通常也不加冠词。如：ZhongshanRoad,Tian'anmenSquare；China，Shenzhen，Tom7．表示使用某种交通手段时，名词前不用冠词。如：Iusuallygotomyofficebybus.配套练习1.Therewillbe______interestingTVprogramtomorrowevening.A.aB.anC.theD.some2.Ihaveneverseen_____UFOin______sky.3A.a,theB.an,theC.a,aD.the,a3.---Haveyouseen_________umbrellahere?---Youmean_______blackone?Itwasherejustnow.A.an;theB.the;aC.an;aD.the;the4._______Biologyis______scienceof________life.A./;the;/B./;the;theC.The;/;/D.The;/;the5.Theboywrote_____“l”and____“u”ontheblackboard.A.a;anB.an;anC.a;aD.an;a6.Nowheis______artist.Ihaveknownhimsincehewas_____one-year-oldboy.A.a;anB.a;aC.an;anD.an;a7._____ChristmasDayofthewesterncountriesfallsbefore______SpringFestivalofChina.A./;theB.the;/C./;/D.The;the8.Todayismy________happiestdaybecauseIwon_____firstprizeinthematch.A.the;theB./;theC.the;/D./;/9.._____ChangjiangRiveris____longestriverinChina.A.The;theB.The;/C./;theD./;/Chapter2Protectingourenvironment一．课文重点词语与短语beinterestedinsth对……感兴趣ofcourse当然begintodosth开始做某事eachother相互passsthtosb=passsbsth传递某物给某人communicatewithsb和某人交流taste尝起来…后跟形容词作表语beindanger处境危险collectstamps搜集邮票enjoydoing…喜欢做…enjoyoneself玩得开心thanksbforsth/doingsth感谢某人做某事makesb/sth+动词原形使……做……inorderof以……的顺序类似inrerested与interesting的形容词：excited/exciting,tired/tiring,surprised/suprising,bored/boring…通常以-ed结尾的形容词含被动意义，表示人感到……;以-ing结尾的形容词汗主动意义，表示使人，令人…….二.语法：现在进行时态结构be(am/is/are)+动词ing(现在分语)构成谓语be是助动词，帮助构成时态、语态及语气、否定句和疑问句动词ing现在分词的变化规则：1）动词+ing：do-doingteach-teaching；2）以一个元音字母+一个辅音字母结尾的单音节词，双写辅音字母再+ing：put-putting；3）以字母e结尾的，去掉e再+ing：make-makingtake-taking。44）单词以辅音字母加－ie结尾，去-ie变y,再加-ing.如die(死亡)----dying;tie—tying注意：表状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时，如：believe（相信），doubt（怀疑），hear，know，understand，belong（属于），think（认为），look（看起来），show，mind，have，sound（听起来），taste（尝起来），care，like，hate，love，例如：Danny:Thedoorbellisringing.May:Iknow.Ihearit.某些趋向动词的现在进行时可表示将来……：I’mcoming.我这就来。I’mgoing/leaving.我这就走。同步练习()1.—Listen!Who______intheroom?—Let’sgoandsee.A.iscryingB.cryingC.cryD.cries()2.wecangetsomeusefulthings____trees.A.toB.forC.withD.from()3.Youmustthankthegirls_____theirhelp.A.forB.toC.onD.about()4.Weplant______treesinourschooleveryyear.A.alotB.alotofC.alotsofDmuch()5.Jimandhisteacher_______overthere.A.istalkB.aretalkC.istalkingD.aretalking()6“Don’talwaysmakeTim____thisorthat.Heisabigboynow.”MrsBushsaid.A.doingB.doC.doesD.todo()7—Whatistheboydoing?—He’s_______abook.A.seeingB.readingC.lookingatD.watching()8Mr.Smith_____tovisitBeijingintwodays.A.comeB.cameC.comesD.iscoming()9.IthinkEnglishis_______thanMath.A.interestingerB.moreinterestingC.mostinterestingD.moreinterestinger()10We_____apicnicnextweek.A.willhaveB.haveC.havingD.had()11.There_____afootballgamebetweenItalyandGermanytomorrowmorning.A.hasB.isgoingtobeC.willhaveDhasbeen()12.It’sabighouse_____agardeninfrontofit.A.inB.haveC.forD.with()13．Willyoupassthatbook______me?A.toB.forC.fromD.at5()14．Rosenevercommunicates______others.A.toB.forC.withD.at()15.Doyouknowwhatthesebooksareuseful_________?A.toB.forC.withD.at()16.Treesareourbestfighters________pollution.A.forB.withC.onD.againstChpater3一．课文重点词语与短语lookup查阅humanbeings人类anamusementpark游乐园buysbsth=buysthforsb给某人买某物allyearround全年some…others