人教版高中英语必修2语法被动语态

GrammarThepassivevoiceBook2语态(voice)是个语法范畴，它是一种动词形式，表示动词的主语与该动词所表示的动作之间的主动和被动关系。当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（ActiveVoice）；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态（PassiveVoice）。Wecleanedtheclassroomyesterday.昨天我们打扫了教室。Theclassroomwascleanedbyusyesterday.昨天教室被我们打扫了。一、被动语态的定义：WespeakEnglish.主语谓语宾语Englishisspokenbyus.主语谓语宾语主动语态被动语态动词的被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。当主动句变为被动句时，原来的宾语变成了主语，原来的主语变成了介词by的宾语。主动句与被动句的结构虽然不同，但动作的执行者和承受者的关系并没有改变。二、被动语态的一般结构：即：be+done(+by)在被动句中有时用by-词组，有时不用。一般来说，当动作的执行者为谁不甚清楚，不甚重要或难以说出时，通常不用by。但有时为了强调动作执行者或者由于上下和结构上的需要则必须使用by词组。例如：HamletwaswrittenbyShakespeare.《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚写的。Thetaskhasbeenfinished.任务已经完成了。结构：be+done(+by)Thestructureofthesimplefuturevoicebegoingtodosth.beabouttodosth.shall/willdosth.betodosth.GrammarTheusageofthefuturepassivevoice将来时的被动语态1.Wewilldiscusstheproblematthemeeting.Theproblemwillbediscussedatthemeeting.2.Iwillfinishmyhomeworkintenminutes.My.Homeworkwillbefinishedintenminutes.3.Theywillinviteustotheparty.Wewill/shallbeinvitedtotheparty.将来时的被动语态的基本形式：主语+will/shallbedone……Shall用于第一人称，will用于各种人称Theywillhaveashowtomorrow.Ashowwillbehad(bythem)tomorrow.Atalkwillbegiven(byhim)soon.Hewillgiveatalksoon.Haveatry!Turnthefollowingsentencesintothefuturepassivevoice.一般将来时的其他常见的被动语态形式1begoingtodosth.begoingtobedone常用来表示按计划或安排将来要发生的被动动作。Theoldlibraryisgoingtobepulleddownsoon.E.g.:那座旧的图书馆很快要被拆除了。E.g.:他的新书下个月就要出版了。Hisnewbookisgoingtobepublishednextmonth.2betodosth.betobedoneYourhomeworkistobehandedintomorrow.E.g.:你们的家庭作业明天必须要交上来。E.g.:这个任务要在10分钟之内完成。Thetaskistobefinishedintenminutes.3beabouttodosth.beabouttobedoneThewallisabouttobepaintedbytheworker.E.g.:工人将要去粉刷那堵墙。ObamahasbecomethefirstAfrican-AmericanpresidentintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.ThePresentPerfectTenseSentencestructure:主语+have/hasdone现在完成时表示动作发生在过去,并持续到现在或者是过去的动作对现在的影响.经常用于现在完成时的时间状语:recently,uptonow,sincethen,sofar,already,just,yet等.HowmanyHarryPorterbookshasJ.K.Rowlingwritten?ShehaswrittensevenHarryPorterbooks.SevenHarryPorterbookshavebeenwrittenbyJ.K.Rowling.ThePresentPerfectPassiveVoiceSentencestructure:subject+have/has+been+doneInwhatcasesdoweusethepassivevoice?1.不知道或没有必要说明的动作的执行者是谁。2.强调动作的承受者，而不是发出者。Changethefollowingsentencesintoactiveorpassivevoice.1.LiuXianghaseverbrokentheworldrecord.TheworldrecordhaseverbeenbrokenbyLiuXiang.2.Thefloorhasbeencleanedbymymother.Mymotherhascleanedthefloor.电影《画皮2》是由陈嘉上最近导演的。PaintedSkinⅡhasrecentlybeendirectedbyChenJiashang。ThePresentProgressivePassiveVoice现在进行时的被动语态Thepresentprogressivepassivevoice1)表示“某人/事此时此刻正在被……”,主语是动作的承受者。2)现在进行时的被动语态形式：am/is/are＋being＋过去分词。它的否定形式是把not放在第一个助动词之后,即am/is/are＋not＋being＋过去分词。疑问形式是把第一个助动词放到句首，句末改为问号，即Am/Is/Are＋主语＋being＋过去分词？“三变”:原句主语变为by短语,宾语变为主语,谓语由主动变为被动；“三不变”:原句意思不变,原句时态不变,原句主谓宾以外成分不变。Theyarebuildingnineparks.→Nineparksarebeingbuilt.→Howmanyparksarebeingbuilt?主动语态变被动语态:现在进行时的被动语态基本用法：1.表示现在正在进行的被动动作。e.g.Maryisbeinginterviewednow.—Mycarisbeingrepairednow.—What’sthematter?2.表现阶段正在进行的被动动作。Thediseaseisbeingstudiedatpresentbyscientists.Thelifeofthepandaisbeingstudiedatpresent.现在正在研究熊猫的生活环境。Practice1.—Idon’tsupposethepoliceknowwhodidit.—Well,surprisinglytheydo.Amanhasbeenarrestedand____now.A.hasbeingquestionedB.isquestioningC.hasquestionedD.isbeingquestioned语法填空•1.It'ssaid(据说)thatthelongbridge______________（build）intwomonths．•2.Wheretohavethemeeting______________（discuss）now．•3.Whichlanguage_______themostwidely_______（speak）intheworld？•4.Thelostboy_____________（notfind）sofar．•5.Lastyearalargenumberoftrees______________（cut）down．willbebuiltisbeingdiscussedisspokenhasn’tbeenfoundwerecutErrorcorrecting1.Ihavealotofhomeworktobedonetonight．2.Isyourhistoryteacherlistenedcarefullyinclass？3.LeiFeng‘snamerememberedbyallChinesepeople．4.Themusicissoundedbeautiful.5.BywhowasthisneweducationalCD-ROMdesigned?6.Theboywasmadecrybyhissister.todolistenedtowasrememberedsoundedwhomtoHappySpringFestival!