写作教程第2版课件u5

EnglishWritingIIUnit5•Objective:•ExemplificationPartIWarm-upActivities•Completethefollowingsentence,tellingusyouridealjobinthefuture,thengiveyourreason(s).•Iwanttobe__________________.•Reason(s):____________•____________•…PartIIExemplification•Examplesarespecificdetailsorinstancesthatservetoillustrateamoregeneralideaorstatement.Theynotonlymakethingsclearerbutalsohelptopersuadeandconvince.OrganizationalStructure•Readthefollowingtwoparagraphsandthentrytosummarizethedifferentorganizationalpatternsofexemplification.•Sample1•Questions:•1.Whatisthecontrollingideaoftheparagraph?•Thefirstsentenceexpressedthecontrollingideaoftheparagraph.•2.Howmanyreasonsaregiventoillustratethisidea?•Five.•Workingroupsanddiscusstheorganizationofthisparagraphandcompletethefollowingoutline:•Topicsentence:WorkingasacookattheVentureInnisthebestjobIhaveeverhad.•Reasons:•1.Ihaveasteadyforty-hourworkweek,alongwithachanceforovertimeifIwantit.•2.IcaneatwhateverIlike,andIgetachancetotakesteakandsometimeslobsterhometomywife.•3.Idon’thaveanybighasslewithmyboss;ifIhavetoreportlateorskipadaynowandthen,allsheasksisthatIcallherinadvance.•4.Thepayisverygood,averagingcloseto$200theweeksthatworkovertime.•5.Thejobisseasonal.•Sample2•Questions:•1.Whatisthecontrollingideaoftheparagraph?•Thefirstsentenceexpressedthecontrollingideaoftheparagraph.•2.Howmanyexamplesaregiventoillustratethisidea?Aretheyeffective?•Onlyone,anditiseffective,becausethroughthisexample,readerstendtobeconvincedthatacareercanreallyberuinedinonemoment.•Summarizetheorganizationalpatternsofexemplification•1.Useseveralfacts,examples,details,orreasonstosupportthecontrollingideaoftheparagraph.•2.Useonedetailedexampleorextendedillustrationtoclarifyortoprovethecontrollingideaoftheparagraph.UsingEffectiveExamples•Sample•Questions:•1.Whatisthecontrollingideaoftheparagraph?•Thecontrollingideais:Tobesuccessfulinajobinterview,theapplicantshoulddemonstratecertainpersonalandprofessionalqualities.•2.Howmanyexamplesaregiventoillustratethisidea?Aretheyeffectiveinillustratingthecontrollingidea?•Four.•Theexamplesareeffectivebecausetheytellthereaderwhat“certainpersonalandprofessionalqualities”shouldbedemonstratedinajobinterview.•Lookattheexamplesgivenbelowanddecidewhethertheycanbeusedtoillustratethetopicsentence“Ihadaterribledayattheofficetoday.”•1.Ihadafightwithmyboss.•Comment:It’sspecificandrelevant.•2.Iquarreledwithmyhusbandlastnight.•Comment:Itisirrelevantbecauseitdidnothappentoday.•3.Oneoftheimportantdocumentswasmissing.•Comment:Itisspecificandrelevant.•4.Iwasunhappyallday.•Comment:It’snotspecific,thereforeineffective.•5.Iforgotanappointmentwithoneofmyclientsandwasseverelyscoldedbymyboss.•Comment:It’sspecificandrelevant.•Then,discussingroupswhichpatternyouwillfollowifyouareaskedtowriteaparagraphwiththistopicsentence.Howmanyexamplesdoyouthinkareneededtoillustratethiscontrollingidea?•Ithastofollowthefirstpattern.•Thiscontrollingideaneedsmorethanoneexampletoshowhowterriblethedayis.Oneexampleisfarfromenoughtoconvincethereader.•Summarizetherulesforchoosinggoodexamples,basedonthegroupdiscussion.••Exampleschosentoillustratethecontrollingideaofaparagraphshouldbea)relevant,b)specific,andc)sufficientsothattheycanhelptoclarifyorproveyourpointinaneffectiveway.Thenumberofexamplesyouchoosedependsonthecontrollingideaandthelengthoftheparagraph.LinkingDevices•Sample•Questions•1.Whichisthetopicsentenceofthisparagraph?•Thetopicsentenceisthefirstsentenceoftheparagraph.•2.Howmanyexamplesaregiventoillustratethispoint?•Four.•3.Canyoufollowtheexampleseasily?Why?•Yes,becausealltheexamplesarelinkedbytransitionalwordsandphrases.•Readthesample.Workingroupsandfindoutthosewordsandphrasesthatlinkthefourexamplesinthissampleparagraph.Exemplification•firstofall•also•anotherreason•thelastandmostimportantreasonOtherexpressionindicatingexemplification•Forexample•Forinstance•Suchas•Aleadingexample•…canbeillustratedby…•First/second/third•Moreover•And•Besides•Inparticular•Ingeneral•Inmostcases•Take…forexample•Inaddition•What’smore•Furthermore•Finally•MostimportantlyUnitSummary•Inthisunitwehavediscussedtwopatternsoforganizationusedinexemplification:1)theuseofaseriesofexamples–facts,detailsorreasons–tosupportthetopicsentence;2)theuseofoneextendedexampletoclarifyortoprovethecontrollingideaoftheparagraph.•Wemustchoosesufficientexamplesthatarerelevantandspecific.•Wecannotoveremphasizetheuseoflinkingdevices.